讀書筆記|被動語態課件（通用二十篇）_被動語態課件
發表時間：2019-09-22被動語態課件（通用二十篇）。
? 被動語態課件 ?
完成式to have done to have been done
1) 現在時：一般現在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生，有時發生在謂語動詞的動作之后。
he seems to know this.
i hope to see you again. = i hope that i'll see you again. 我希望再見到你。
i'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
he seems to have caught a cold.
3) 進行時： 表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。
he seems to be eating something.
4) 完成進行時：
she is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
? 被動語態課件 ?
1、shouldacommabeused?這里應該用逗號嗎?thebookneedn'tbereturnednow.書不必現在還。
2、Thisbookmustn'tbelenttotheothers.這本書不應該借給別人。
3、Someadvicewasgiventothestudents.
4、Teenagersshouldbeallowedtogooutwiththeirfriends.
5、這本書不應該借給別人。
6、Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那個男孩打破了。
7、這臺機器用來做什么？
8、TheyweremadeinChina.
9、一般過去時例句Iboughtabookyesterday.變成被動語態是Abookwasboughtbymeyesterday.規則是賓語變成主語，然后用be+過去分詞的形式，原來的主語變成賓語，前面加介詞by
10、世界上許多人說英語。
11、Itisusedformakingcakes.
12、應該馬上把她送進醫院。
13、英語被動語態列句有：
14、這個工作做完了。
15、Weretheyusedforkeepingwarm?
16、Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.刀用來切東西。
17、Themeetingwasheldlastweek.會議上周就開了。
18、你是想問一般現在時呢，還是現在進行時的被動語態呢？
19、這件事應該是李明干嗎？
20、它是用來制造糕餅的。
21、應該允許青少年和朋友外出。
22、Weretheyusedforkeepingwarm?它們是用來保溫的嗎？
23、Teapotsareusedfordrinking.
24、Englishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.
25、含有情態動詞被動語態的結構為:情態動詞+be+過去分詞，情態動詞被動語態例句:thebookcan'tbefound.那本書找不到。
26、Tablescanbemadeofstone.
27、Weshouldplantmanytreesonthemountains．
28、夠了嗎？？？
29、一些建議給了學生們。
30、TheyweremadeinChina.它們是中國制造的。
31、Englishcanbespokenbyhim.
32、ShoulditbedonebyLiMing?
33、它們是中國制造的嗎？
34、Theworkhasbeendone.
35、桌子可由石頭做成。
36、Englishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.世界上許多人說英語。
37、Teapotsareusedfordrinking.茶壺是飲水用的。
38、Wherewerethecarsmade?
39、Manytreesshouldbeplantedonthemountains．
40、Thestudentsweregivensomeadvicebytheteacher.由老師給了學生們一些建議。
41、Shemustbetakentothehospitalatonce.應該馬上把她送進醫院。
42、watermustn'tbewasted.水不能被浪費。
43、Whatisthemachineusedfor?
44、Thefloorwasswept.地板打掃了。
45、Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.
46、Theworkhasbeendone.這個工作做完了。
47、我們應該在山上種許多樹。
48、孩子們應當被允許星期五晚上和朋友們一起去看電影。
49、Wherewerethecarsmade?這些小汽車是哪里制造的？
50、這些小汽車是哪里制造的？
51、Thestudentsweregivensomeadvicebytheteacher.
52、Englishcanbespokenbyhim.他會講英語。
53、Appletreesaren'tplantedinthesouth.
54、應該在山上種許多樹。
55、Someadvicewasgiventothestudents.一些建議給了學生們。
56、我先說說一般現在時吧，一般現在時的被動語態謂語部分是amisare加過去分詞。例如，heisoftenseentohelptheoldpeople。現在進行時被動語態，謂語部分的構成是amisare加being加過去分詞。例如，Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinourhometown。
57、他會講英語。
58、Itisusedformakingcakes.它是用來制造糕餅的。
59、AretheymadeinChina?
60、Themeetingwasheldlastweek.
61、它們是中國制造的。
62、Thisbookmustn'tbelenttotheothers.
63、AretheymadeinChina?它們是中國制造的嗎？
64、Theletterwaswrittenbyhim.這封信是他寫的。
65、會議上周就開了。
66、進行時Heisbeinghurtednow.Heisbeinghitnow.完成時Hehasbeenhurtedbythiscar.一般時Heishurtedbythiscar.Heisemployeedbythiscompany.將來時Hewillbeputintoprisontommorrow.情態動詞的被動hecan'tbehurtedanymore.Hecan'tbeputintotheprison.
67、Wastepapershouldnotbethrownhere．
68、由老師給了學生們一些建議。
69、ThechildrenshouldbeallowedtogotothemovieswithfriendsonFridaynights.
70、Appletreesaren'tplantedinthesouth.蘋果樹不種在南方。
71、刀用來切東西。
72、它們是用來保溫的嗎？
73、Whatisthemachineusedfor?這臺機器用來做什么？
74、Shemustbetakentothehospitalatonce.
75、廢紙不應該扔在這里。
76、茶壺是飲水用的。
77、蘋果樹不種在南方。
? 被動語態課件 ?
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. “May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you can’t go out _______ your work is being done.”
【陷阱】容易誤選B，誤認為這是考查 not…until…結構。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。句中的 your work is being done 表明“你正在做作業”，選 as 表原因。
2. “I’m going to the post office.” “_______ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”
【陷阱】容易誤選A。
【分析】最佳答案選 B。盡管 as 和 while 均可用作從屬連詞引導時間狀語從句，表示“當……的時候”，但兩者有一個重要區別，就是這樣用的 as 從句的謂語不能是狀態動詞。當然，如果 as 不是表示“當……的時候”，其謂語是完全可以用狀態動詞的。如：
I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的 as 表示原因，意為“因為”、“由于”)
請做以下兩題，答案均選 while，不選as：
(1) _______ you are at home alone, please don’t leave the door open.
(2) _______ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her.
3. After the war, a new school building was put up ______ there had once been a theatre.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選 D。where 在此引導地點狀語從句，其意為“(在)……的地方”。請做以下類似試題(答案均選 where)：
(1) The famous scientist grew up _______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
(2) She found her calculator _______ she lost it.
(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _______ you can find them again.
(4) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.
(5) You should let your children play ______ you can see them.
(6) Now he works in the factory ______ his father used to work.
4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _______ stood the famous tower.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選 D。此題與上面一題有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在……的地方”，均用以引導地點狀語從句；不同的是，此題還涉及倒裝，即此句的主語是 the famous tower，謂語是 stood，正常詞序為 where the famous tower stood，使用倒裝是為了保持句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕。
4. They kept trying _____ they must have known it was hopeless.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。when 在此的意思不是“當……的時候”，而是“盡管”、“雖然”的意思。又如：
He walks when he might take a taxi. 盡管他可以坐出租車，但他卻走路。
He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 盡管他本來下次就可以成功的了，但他卻停止努力了。
The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 這男孩子本來應該專心聽老師講的，但他卻坐立不安。
有許多同學只知道 when 表示“當……的時候”，而不知道它還有其他許多意思，除上面提到的表示“盡管”、“雖然”外，when 還可表示“既然”、“考慮到”。請做下面的試題(答案選D)：
Why do you want a new job ______ you’ve got such a good one already?
5. He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。when 意為“這時(突然)”，主要用于某一動作突然發生于另一動作正在進行或剛要發生之時。此時的 when 可以連用副詞 suddenly，也可以不連用它，但值得注意的是，同學們不能單獨用 suddenly 來代替 when，如下面各題的答案選A，不選B：
(1) I was about to go out ______ the telephone rang.
(2) We were swimming in the lake _______ the storm started.
(3) She was walking down the road _______ she heard someone shouting for help.
6. The fire went on for quite some time _______ it was brought under control.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選 D。before 意為“在……之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃燒了相當一段時間”。類似地，以下兩題也選 before：
(1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _______ it got worse.
(2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ________ I could answer the phone.
(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _____ she is completely well.
(4) They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments ______ they spoke.
7. Mother asked me to take more money _______ something unexpected should happen.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選 A。in case 起連詞作用，用以引導狀語從句，主要有兩種意思：一是表示條件，意為“如果”、“萬一”；二是表示“目的”，意為“以防”、“免得”。如以下各題也都選 in case：
(1) ________ I forget, please remind me about it.
(2) Take your umbrella just ________ it rains.
(3) Be quiet _______ you should wake the baby.
(4) Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.
(5). I’ll keep his address _____ I need it.
8. _______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，尤其可能誤選A。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。前面一個分句為條件狀語從句，后面一個分句為主語。現分析幾個干擾項：選項 A 和 D 均為非謂語動詞，根據英語語法習慣，非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語應與句子主語一致，而此句的 some spelling mistakes 顯然不能用作 having checked 或 to check 的邏輯主語，故不能選為答案；若選 B，則兩個句子之間缺少必要的連詞，也不對。請做類似試題(答案均選 C)：
(1) ________ more careful, the work might have been done better.
C. If you had been D. To have been
(2) _______ your diet, it is easy to reduce.
C. If you watch D. To have watched
(3) _______ a pair of compasses, it is easy to describe a circle.
(4) _______ for something, a receipt is given to you.
C. When you have paid D. To be paying
(5) _______ the sun rising slowly in the east, the scene is a perfect dream.
9. “Shall Mary come and play computer games?” “No, _______ she has finished her homework.”
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。此句為省略句，答句句首的 No 表明其后省略的是一個否定句，全句補充完整為：She can’t play computer games unless she has finished her homework. 請做類似試題(答案均選B)：
(1) “Would you mind my sitting here with you?” “No, ______ you aren’t too noisy.”
(2) “Will he agree to come to join us in the work?” “No, _______ we promise him more money.”
(3) “Can you finish the work in time?” “No, _______ we don’t sleep throughout the night.”
10. “When did he leave the classroom?” “He left _______ you turned back to write on the blackboard.”
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選 B。the moment 用作連詞，意為“一……就……”，相當于 as soon as。類似地，the minute, the instant 也可用作連詞，表示“一……就……”的意思。如以下試題也選 B：
(1)“Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?” “Yes, I gave it to her ________ I saw her.”
(2) The doorkeeper gave the alarm _______ he saw the smoke.
(3) I raised the alarm _______ I saw the smoke.
◆ 精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed.
2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story.
3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
4 You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway.
5. “Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes. He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.”
6. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees.
7. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them.
8. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
9. Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said.
10. ________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. Don’t be so rude to her.
11. ____ you’re got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
12. I thought she was the very girl that I should marry _______ I met her.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
13. Don’t play by the river _______ you fall in and drown!
14. Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already?
15. He is better than _______ I last visited him.
16. _______ the punishment was unjust, he accepted it without complaint.
17. ________ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.
18. _______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
19. _______ rich one may be there is always something one wants.
20. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
21. Mr Zhang is mild in character. He never shouts ____ he is very angry.
22. “How long do you suppose it is _______ he left for Japan?” “No more than half a month.”
23. In some countries, _______ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選 D。when 意為“在(當)……時候”。其余三項填入空格處，句意不通。
2. 選 D。until 意為“直到”，句意為“一位優秀的故事講述者必須能夠讓聽眾在故事結束前一直保持好奇心”。
3. 選 C。as long as 意為“只要”，全句意為“只要我知道這錢是安全的，我就不會擔心了”。類似地，下面一題也選 as long as：
“What are you going to do this afternoon?’ “I’ll probably go for a walk later on ____ it stays fine.”
4. 選 D。unless 意為“如果不”、“除非”，用以引導一個條件狀語從句。
5. 選 C。考查 not…until… 句式，其意為“直到……才……”。
6. 選B。whatever 引導的是讓步狀語從句，相當于 no matter what。注意不能選A，因為 suggest 是及物動詞，它應帶自己的賓語，而 however 不能用作賓語。
7. 選A。where 指“在……的地方”，用以引導地點狀語從句。
8. 選A，wherever 意為“無論什么地方”。
9. 選 B。根據語境可推知。如下面一題也選as soon as：
_______ he became rich he cast aside all his old friends who gave him some help.
10. 選A。whatever her faults 為讓步狀語從句，句末省略了謂語動詞 are。
11. 選 A。now that 為連詞，用以引導原因狀語從句，其意為“既然”，與since 同義。其中的 might as well意為“不妨”。全句意為“既然你得到一個機會，你不妨充分利用它”。
12. 選C。the first time 在此用作連詞，用以引導狀語從句。句意為“我第一次見到她就認為她很誠實”。
13. 選C。in case 意為“以防”。
14. 選 D。when 不表示“當……的時候”，而表示“既然”，相當于 since，用以引導原因狀語從句。全句意為：你既然已經有了這么好的工作，干嗎還要找新的工作呢? 請再兩例：
I can’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想聽，我就不告訴你了。
Why use wood when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料，為什么還要用木料?
15. 選A。than 后省略了 he was，假若補充完整，全句即為 He is better than he was when I last visited him。
16. 選 B。比較四個選項：so long as(只要)，even though(即使)，since(自從，既然)，while(當……時候)，其中只有B的意思最合適，全句意為“即使處罰不公平，他毫無怨言地接受”。
17. 選A。while 在此不表示“當……的時候”，而表示“盡管”。
18. 選B。as far as 意為“盡，就，至于”，常用于 as far as I know(據我所知)，as far as one can see(在某人看來)，as far as one can(某人盡力)，as far as sth / sb is concerned(就某事 / 某人來說)等結構。
19. 選C。however 在此引導讓步狀語從句，意義上相當于 now matter how。
20. 選 C。so that 引導目的狀語從句，其意為“為了”。
21. 選 D。根據句子語境，選 B 或 D 較適合，但 even 是副詞，不是連詞，不能引導狀語從句，故選 D。
22. 選 D。問句的基本結構是“It is +時間段+since 從句”，其原句型是 I suppose it is no more than half a month since he left for Japan. 假若對此句中的 no more than half a month 提問，則可得到提問句。
23. 選 D。what 引導的是主語從句，其中的 what 相當于 the schools that。
? 被動語態課件 ?
A.適合被動語態的條件
1)不知道或無需說出誰是動作的執行者是誰時。
例如：The desk is made of wood.
這個桌子是木頭做的
2)需要突出或強調動作的承受者時。
例如：A new library will be built in this small town.
這個小鎮將興建一個新圖書館
B.有兩個賓語的句子的.被動語態
主動語態里有兩個賓語時，句子會有兩種被動語態的變化形式，當其中一個賓語作為被動語態的主語時，剩下的一個賓語保留在被動語態句子中的謂語后面，稱為保留賓語。
例如：主動： The teacher told the students a funny story.
主語 間接賓語 直接賓語
被動1： The students were told a funny story (by the teacher).
(間賓)主語 謂語 保留賓語
被動2： A funny story was told (to) the students (by the teacher)
(直賓)主語 謂語 保留賓語
C.含有賓語補足語的句子的被動語態
含有賓語補足語的主動語態的句子變為被動語態時，補足語的位置不變，但身份發生了變化，不再是賓補而變成了主補，賓補和主補的關系是同一個句子成分在不同語態中的不同身份。
例如：主動：We call him Xiao Li.
主 謂 賓 賓補
被動：He is called Xiao Li.
主 謂 主補
D.由情態動詞構成的被動語態
被動語態中一旦出現情態動詞則不再有時態的變化，只有一種形式了。
例如：Water can be(永遠是原形) changed into ice.
. 主語 情態動詞 謂語 狀語
E.被動語態和過去分詞做表語的系表結構之間的區別:
“be + 過去分詞”可以是系表結構也可以是被動語態，兩者的區別主要通過邏輯關系的差別體現。在系表結構中，表語(過去分詞)說明主語的性質或狀態，相當于形容詞;在被動語態中過去分詞和主語有邏輯上的動賓關系。比較下面的例子:
He is interested in his job.(系表結構)
他對工作感興趣
He is told to do this job. (被動語態)
他被告知去做這份工作。
F. 漢語和英語對主被動的判斷標準不同，有的句子漢語用主動英語卻要用被動。在使用英語的被動語態時要減少母語思維的干擾。比較下面的例子:
The film will be shown next week.
電影將在下周上映
? 被動語態課件 ?
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. “You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn’t you?” “Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.”
【陷阱】容易誤選 B 或D。
【分析】答案應選 A。第一空填to 比較好理解，因為此處的late為副詞，用以修飾 go to the stadium 中的動詞go；而第二句的 with 則是許多同學不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，現將兩者區別如下：be late for表示做某事遲到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比較：
We were late for dinner. 我們吃飯遲到了。
We were late with dinner . 我們吃飯吃得遲。
句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是“我妻子準備晚飯稍遲了一點”。
2. We were all worried over _______ you were sick.
【陷阱】容易誤選 A 或 B。
【分析】答案應選 D。按英語習慣，除except, but 等極個別介詞外，英語介詞后通常不能直接跟 that 從句作賓語。遇此情況，通常是在 that 從句前加上 the fact，此時 the fact 用作介詞賓語，而其后 that 從句則用作 the fact 的同位語。請看類似試題（答案選均D）：
(1) They knew nothing about ______ he was a thief.
(2) She must face up to _______ she is no longer young.
(3) What he said at the meeting referred to _______ he was interested in the project.
(4) Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder.
(5) The writer is not satisfied with _______ buses are too crowded.
3. Sometimes our opinions differ _______ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed
【陷阱】容易誤選C。因為按英語語法習慣，because是連詞，其后接句子；而because of是復合介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動名詞等。
【分析】此題答案選D。because 作為從屬連詞，主要用于引導原因狀語從句，既然是引導一個從句，也就是說它的后面不能再連用“引導詞”。如：
He was angry because we were late. 他很生氣因為我們遲到了。
They can’t have gone out because the light is on. 他們不可能出去了，因為燈還亮著。
Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.這家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。
假若，一個從句已經有了自己的“引導詞”，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 這個連詞了。如：
She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因為你說的話。
句中的 what 相當于 the thing that，也就是說 what you said 相當于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的賓語，而that you said 為修飾 the thing 的定語從句。
He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因為對老板的態度(不好)而丟了工作。
句中的 how 相當于 the way in which，也就是說 how he treated his boss相當于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的賓語，而in which he treated his boss 為修飾 the way 的定語從句。
4. “How long have you been an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為D。若僅從答句來看，四個答案都說得過去。但若結合問句的語境以答案應選D，因為其余三選項填入空格均不能回答問句所提出的問題。比較：
“When did you became an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”
此題選B，因為問句問的是when(何時)，所以用 in 1995 來回答便順理成章。
請再看兩題：
(1) “How long have you worked on the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”
答案選D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即問句問“工作了多久”，答句說“自去年年底至今”。
(2) “How long will you work on the farm?” “____ the end of next year.”
答案選B，問句問“將工作多久”，答句說“工作明年明底”。
(3) “When did you leave the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”
答案選C，問句問“何時離開”，答句說“去年明底離開”。
5. Don’t be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy.
【陷阱】容易誤選B。根據漢語的“對某人生氣”，將其中的“對”直譯為to。
【分析】最佳答案為 B。按英語習慣，要表示對某人生氣，通常用 be angry with sb，要表示對某事生氣，通常用 be angry at sth(在美國英語中也用 be angry with sth，但不說 be angry with sb)。比較以下表達，其中的“對”也不用to來翻譯：
你對這些安排感到滿意嗎?
誤：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements?
正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?
老師應該對他的學生嚴格要求。
誤：Teachers should be strict to their students.
正：Teachers should be strict with their students.
6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often.
【陷阱】容易誤選A。根據 keep in touch with (與……保持聯系)這一常用搭配推出。
【分析】正確答案是D。by 在這里表示方式，by writing 意為“通過寫信”，全句意為“我們通過經常寫信保持聯系”。請再看幾例(均與介詞搭配有關)：
(1) We’ve talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now?
此題不要受 a lot of的影響而誤選A。若第一空選 of，a lot of cars 即為動詞 talk 的賓語，但實際上動詞 talk 是不及物動詞，不能后接賓語。最佳答案應是C，句中的a lot是修飾動詞 talked 的狀語，talk about才是一個動詞短語。 全句意為“我們對電影已談了不少，現在談談電視怎么樣?” What about…意為“……怎么樣”，用于征求意見。
(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.
有的同學一看到句中的 regard 和選項中的 as，馬上就聯想到 regard … as … (把……當作……)這一搭配，從而斷定此題應選A。但是錯了，原因是將此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正確答案是B，句意為“我們大家都很同情這位老人”。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _______ the coast of Bermuda Island.
2. “How long have you stayed in this hotel?” “Not long, just ______ this Monday.”
3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _____ floors. People in it had no way to get out.
4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain ______ flood.”
5. _____ their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.
6. They promise that the work would all be finished _____ next week.
7. _______ reading the letter, what has he done?
8. “How did the robber get in?” “______ an open window on the first floor.”
9. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he was likely to be away for three months.
9. 選 C。在四個選項中，只有except that 后可接句子。
10. He usually goes to work by bike _______ it rains.
11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather.
12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time.
13. He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got ______ the plane.
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選A。off 用作介詞時可表示距離，此時尤其用于指距離某一大路或靠近某海面。又如：
Our house is about 20 meters off the main road. 我們家離大路大約有20米遠。
The ship anchored a mile off the coast. 輪船拋錨停泊在離海岸1英里的地方。
2. 選B。此答句為省略句，補充完整為：I’ve stayed in this hotel since this Monday.
3. 選 B。between floors 指在兩層樓之間。類例地，以下各例也選between：
Don’t eat anything ______ meals if you want to lose weight.
4. 選D。復合介詞in case of有兩個意思，一是表示條件，意為“如果”；二是表示目的，意為“以防”。如：
In case of fire, call 119. 萬一失火，就打119電話。
Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 帶把雨傘，以防下雨。
5. 選A，given 在此用作介詞，意為“考慮到”。又如：Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考慮到價格很低，我決定把它買下。
6. 選C，by 意為“最遲到……之前，到……的時候已經”。類例地，下面一題也選by：
The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _______5:40 p.m. at the latest.
7. 選C。besides 意為“除……之外，還”。又如：
He has another car besides this. 除了這輛車外，他還有一輛。
Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教師外，他還是位詩人。
Did he do anything besides hitting you? 除了打你之外，他還有沒有別的什么舉動?
8. 選D。through 意為“穿過，貫穿，經過，透過”。又如：
The train ran through the tunnel. 火車穿過隧道。
I saw you through the window. 我是透過窗子看到你的。
9. 選 C。在四個選項中，只有except that 后可接句子。
10. 選B。except when 和 except that 后均可接句子，但前者含“當……的時候”的意思，而后者則沒有這個意思。
11. 選B。except 與 except for的區別是：前者主要用來談論同類的東西；后者主要用來談論不同類的東西，在說明情況后作細節上的修正，有時含有惋惜之意。
12. 選B，except 和 except for 均可表示排除，但若是表示談論不同類的對象，通常用 except for。另外，except 通常不用于句首。
13. 選A。比較：in spite of=雖然，盡管…仍；instead of=代替，取而代之；in case of=假設，萬一；in favour of=贊同，有利于。
14. 選C。aboard 用作介詞時意思“在(船、飛機、車)上”、“上(船、飛機、車)”。
? 被動語態課件 ?
當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時，常用被動語態，這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
突出或強調動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執行者，用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是“時間”)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的.。(強調的是“”這些書)
為了使語言得體或圓滑等不愿意說出動作的執行者。如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
出于修辭的原因，或是說為了更好地安排句子。如：
It is generally considered impolite to ask one’s age, salary, marriage, etc. . 問別人的年齡、工資、婚姻狀況等通常被認為是不禮貌的。
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了，若用它作主語，主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子松散。)
? 被動語態課件 ?
墻角那朵枯萎的玫瑰，忘了為何要凋謝。星光灑落在消沉的葉片上，也沒有蘇醒。小心翼翼地托起墜落的花瓣，手指狠狠地被刺扎破了，卻沒有多少的感覺。花瓣零落得可憐，不經意間帶來我無盡的思念。
夏天的痕跡滋生了一個明媚的季節。陽光的洗禮，拜別了浮云的沉默。總是會意猶未盡地想起他，想起操場上飛揚跋扈的身影。步伐的延伸，留下日記的精彩。
托著重力反彈的尖銳，讓人隨意可以控制卻有點叛逆的速度，透徹地沿拋線洞穿籃框，日記里他手中控制的籃球。
活力的逼近穿梭于空氣的距離，慌亂而有節奏的步伐，跨越了堅持的路線。氣餒的汗水冷靜了方位，累積了愜意的快感……日記里控制著籃球的他。
空氣中散發出青草的香味，生如夏花的洋溢，蕩漾著滑諧的旋律，帶領跳動的音符去襯托亮麗的舞臺。
我安靜的坐在樹下看操場上的他，一身簡明的白色，讓人感覺干凈而沒有壓力。我在想你的假動作怎么可以這么完美，你運球的時候怎么可以不動聲色。感觸藏在心里，幸福的氣息卻如此的逼真。偶爾的碰見，會莫名其妙地滿足，激動地興奮，不停地對緣分說謝謝。雖然彼此見沒有交流，內心的感覺卻像陷入沼澤一樣，越陷越深。也許，暗戀也是一種幸福。
但是，幸福的沉淀不可能是永遠的，他開始了高中的新生活，我也進入了繁忙的初三，兩所不同的學校斷了緣分的結，沒有他的校園，所有色彩都在一瞬間褪去了光澤。對于曾經有他的地方，也不習慣時間在運動。我開始那里地讓自己全身心地投入學習狀態，努力地靠近展翅高飛的夢想。但是，我還是會意猶未盡地想起他，卻忽然感覺到黑色的憂傷在侵襲著我。也許，那個花朵盛開的季節，刻畫了一個遐想的現實，它在陸陸續續讀傾斜，告訴我該沖淡了。
老師說中國的南盡頭是一個名“天涯海角”的地方。我想它有著無邊無際的憂傷，是沒有盡頭的黑色潮水，是沉落的夕陽。海水無情地隔膜了它的結果，小小的角落就是它的天涯海角，小小的天涯海角承載了空空的包袱包容一切。
我要努力和堅強接觸，學會承受和包容。告別停在初三的年輪，重新領略朝氣蓬勃的征兆，重新涂鴉的色彩的輝煌。高中的校園里有和從前一樣緣分牽動，遇見他，一樣的夏末。他沒有什么變化，依然是充滿活力的眼光。一切都好象是從前的故事，而我卻在不知不覺中把感覺丟失了，沒有了從前的緊張和措手不及。我才發覺，原來，我暗戀的是青春的萌動的絲絲情意。用一顆好奇的心去經受花季的繁華，譜寫了青春美麗的詩篇。就像是被動的緣分，制造無意的相遇，去切身體驗青春的風采。
意氣風發的年代，導向著成熟的起點。我們一筆一畫地描繪著我們的青春，涂鴉著繽紛的夢，微笑著等待，等待陽光回歸的訊息。然后我可以像推公式一樣用堅強向懦弱進攻，直到整個心間擴大到自己想要的容積，可以笑著去承受襲來的風雨。
慢慢轉折，慢慢成熟，原來經過了才有懂得。青春無極限！
思想感情較膚淺，景物描寫呆板平庸
? 被動語態課件 ?
1.一般現在時的被動語態結構為： is/are/am + 過去分詞
Now weare not allowedto touch it. 現在不許我們再動它。
Our classroomis cleanedeveryday. 我們的教室每天都有打掃。
Iam askedto more social affairs than I have time to attend. 社交活動太多，我應接不暇。
I like this boy but I＇m not allowedto date？ 我喜歡這男孩，但我不能和他約會。
Arethey wellprepared？ 他們準備充分嗎？
Howisthe wordspelt？ 這單詞怎樣拼寫？
Whereareall the athleteshoused？ 運動員被安置在哪里？
2.一般過去時的被動語態結構為： was/were + 過去分詞
Many peoplewere hurtin that accident. 很多人在那起事中受傷。
Each stonewas markedwith a number. 每塊石頭標有一個數字。
The Egyptian pyramids are huge. Whyweretheybuilt？ 埃及金字塔很大。它們為何而建？
3. 一般將來時的被動語態結構為： will/shall be + 過去分詞
Hewill be caughtsoon！ 他很快就會被抓住！
The results of the examinationwon＇t be givenout. 這次考試成績將不予公布。
Weshall be punishedif we break the rule. 如果我們違反規定，我們將要受到懲罰。
Willtheybe treatedfairly in the game？ 他們在比賽中會得到公評對待嗎？
Whenwillthese booksbe published？ 這些書將在什么時候出版？
4.過去將來時的被動語態結構為：
a）would be +過去分詞
He said that his homeworkwould be finishedsoon. 他說他很快可以做完作業。
I didn＇t expect that Iwould be giventhe prize. 我未曾料到我會獲獎。
b）was/were going to be + 過去分詞
The manager said that the problemswere going to be settled. 經理說問題將得到解決。
He knew hewas going to be beaten. 他自知會被打敗。
Weretheygoing to be forcedto get married at this young age？ 他們這么年輕就要被迫結婚嗎？
5.現在進行時的被動語態結構為： is/are/am + being + 過去分詞
Your proposalis beingactivelyconsidered. 你的建議正獲積極考慮。
I＇ve just had a car accident， and I＇m being sentto the nearest hospital. 我剛遭遇了車禍，正被送住附近醫院途中。
The gang are being hunted by the police. 警察正在追捕這幫歹徒。
Arethe babiesbeing takencare of by this nurse？ 這些嬰兒正由這個護士照看嗎？
6.過去進行時的被動語態結構為： was/were + being + 過去分詞
The troopswere being preparedfor battle. 部隊已作好戰斗準備。
I had the impression that Iwas being followed. 我感覺到有人正跟蹤我。
7.現在完成時的被動語態結構為： have/has been + 過去分詞
Hehasn＇t been caughtyet. 他還沒被抓住。
During the course of history， many agreementshave been madebetween France and England. 法英兩國在歷史上曾達成過許多協議。
Hasthe new training centrebeen setup in our town？ 我們鎮上新的培訓中心建好了嗎？
8.過去完成時的被動語態結構為： had + been + 過去分詞
It amazed me that hehad been promoted. 獲悉他已被提升，我大吃一驚。
The safehad been blownby the thieves. 保險箱被竊賊炸開了。
9.帶情態動詞的被動語態
a）情態動詞的被動語態結構通常為： 情態動詞 + be + 過去分詞
I＇m sure that John and Margaretcan be broughttogether. 我相信約翰和瑪格麗特會言歸于好。
Canthe fruitbe keptin the fridge for long？ 水果在冰箱里可以長時間保存嗎？
Your moneycan＇t be withdrawnuntil three months later. 三個月后你才能提款。
Thismust be doneimmediately. 這事必須立即處理。
Mustthe treesbe waterednow？這些樹必須現在澆水嗎？
The booksmustn＇t be takenout of the reading-room.這些書不得拿出閱覽室。
All these thingsmay be puttogether. 所有這些東西可以放在一起。
Every effortought to be madeto get him to a hospital. 應想方設法送他到醫院。
b）情態動詞后也可以加完成時態的被動語態。
The bookmay have been misplacedsomewhere else. 這本書可能被錯放到別處去了。
The two essays are very similar， so onemust have been copiedfrom the other. 這兩篇文章很雷同，因此其中一篇一定是抄襲了另一篇。
These billsshould have been paidbefore now. 這些帳單已逾期未付。
? 被動語態課件 ?
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選A.shall 用作情態動詞主要有以下兩個用法：
（1） 用于疑問句中征求意見。如：
Shall I help you？ 要不要我幫幫你？
Shall I open the window？ 要我把窗子打開嗎？
（2） 用于陳述句中表示允諾、告誡、警告、威脅、命令、規定、必然性等（可用于各類人稱）。如：
You shall suffer for this. 你會為此事吃苦頭的。（表威脅）
Each competitor shall wear a number. 每個參賽者要戴一個號碼。（表規定）
You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一來就可聽到所有情況了。（表允諾）
請做以下試題（答案均選 shall）：
（1） “I promise that she _____ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her？”
2. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選A.cannot…too…是英語中一個十分有用的表達，意為“不可能太……，無論怎樣……也不算過分，越……越……”。如：
You can’t be too careful. 你越仔細越好。
You can’t praise the too much. 這本書值得大加贊揚。
We cannot work too much for the people. 我們為人民做工作是不可能做過頭的。
A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人買的衣服再多也不算多。
注：有時也可用 can never, impossible 等與too連用來表示類似意思。如：
It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那兒越早越好。
3. “Is John coming by train？” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”
【陷阱】可能誤選B或C.
【分析】最佳答案為D.may 表推測，may not 意為“可能不（會坐火車來）”。句中的 He should 為 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出現轉折連詞 but，說明語意有變化，再結合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可決定此題選D.注意，不能選B，因為can表示推測時通常不用肯定陳述句。
4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 這一語境所決定，既然“沒下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就應是“不可能”，所以選 couldn’t be，即選C.
5. “Do you think he is lazy？” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
答案選A.從答話人的語境可知，空格處的意思“曾經這樣想過”，即對過去情況作推測，故應用“情態動詞+動詞完成式”；又因為 can 表推測不用于肯定句，故選A.請看類例：
Their answers are exactly the same - one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied
C. should copy D. should have copied
答案選B，既然兩人的答案完全一樣，說明“抄襲”已經發生，故用“情態動詞+動詞完成式”，根據句意，應選B而不能選D.
6. You _____ be right, but I don’t think you are.
A. can B. could C. must D. should
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】從語境上看，C、D不宜選，在剩下的A和B中，許多同學想當然地選了A，認為整個句子為現在時態，所以選can，而不選過去式 could，但是最佳答案卻是B而不是A.按照英語語法，情態動詞can 用于推測表示可能性時，通常只用于否定句或疑問句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推測時，卻不僅可用于否定句和疑問句，也可用于肯定句，且此時的 could 并不是 can 的過去式，與 can 也沒有時間上的差別，只是 could 比 can語氣更委婉，所以答案選B.注：can 在以下特殊情況下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即從理論上或邏輯上分析是可能的，但是實際上未必會發生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能會犯錯誤。二是后接“be （get, seem, become）＋形容詞”，表示“有時會”、“時常會”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父親有時候很不講道理。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. “I thought you wouldn’t mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _____ me first.”
A. should ask B. should have asked
2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”
3. That car nearly hit me; I ______.
A. might be killed B. might have been killed
C. may be killed D. may been killed
4. It’s a very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it.
5. The police still haven’t found her, but they’re doing all they _____.
6. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.
7. You _____ him the news; he knew it already.
A. needn’t tell B. needn’t have told
C. mightn’t tell D. mightn’t have told
8. As she’s not here, I suppose she _____ home.
9. Are you still here？ You ______ home hours ago.
A. should go B. should have gone
10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”
11. I _______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.
13.“Shall we go shopping？” “Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”
14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor.
15. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ have spoken at the meeting.
17. He ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. might fail B. must have failed
C. should fail D. could have failed
18. “Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday？” “I’m not so sure. She ______ ill.”
A. should be B. should have been
19. Why did you just sit and watch？ You _______ me.
C. could have helped D. must have helped
20. “You ______ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _______.”
D. shouldn’t have asked, would be wasted
21. “Is there a flight to London this evening？” “There _______ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.”
22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It ______.”
A. might fall out B. could fall out
C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out
23. “Look at these tracks. It _______ be a wolf.” “Don’t be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.”
25. “Did Jim come？” “I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.”
A. might have come B. might come
C. mush have come D. should have come
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選B，should 后接動詞完成式表示“本來應該做某事，結果未做”，此處含有責備之意。
2. 選B，對過去情況的肯定推測，宜用“情態動詞 + 動詞完成式”，再根據句意，可確定答案為B.注：can 表示推測通常不用于肯定陳述句。
3. 選B，表示過去可能發生而實際上未發生的事，用might + 動詞完成式。若只是推測過去可能已經發生的事，則可用 may + 動詞完成式，如 He may have gone. 他可能已經走了。
4. 選C.由句意可知。
5. 選B，do all one can 意為“盡力”或“竭盡全力”。
6. 選C，mustn’t 在此相當于 can’t，且語氣更強。
7. 選B，“needn’t + 動詞完成式”的意思是：本來不必做某事，但實際上做了。上句意思是“你本來不必告訴他這個消息的，因為他（當時）已經知道了”。注意，句中 knew 為過去式。
8. 選B，must 后接動詞完成式表示對過去情況的肯定推測，意為“一定已經做了某事”。
9. 選B，should 后接動詞完成式表示“本來應該做某事，結果未做”。
10. 選B，對過去情況的肯定推測，宜用“情態動詞 + 動詞完成式”，再根據句意，可確定答案為B.注：can 表示推測通常不用于肯定句。
12. 選A.may have done sth 表示對過去可能發生的事進行推測，意為“可能曾經”。
13. 選C.根據上下文的語境推知。can’t 意為“不能”。
14. 選B.根據上下文的語境推知。can’t 表推測，意為“不不能”。
16. 選uldn’t have done sth 表示對過去情況進行推測，意為“過去不可能發生過某情況”。
17. 選A.根據下文的 will be 可知，“他考試再不及格”是將來的事，據此可排除B和D.再根據語意，排除C.
18. 選D.從時間上看，由于是昨天沒來開會，所以推測他生病也應指昨天，故排除A和C.從語境上看，既然上文說 I’m not so sure，那么說明說話者對自己的推測沒有很大把握，故選D.
19. 選C.根據上文的過去時態可知，此句談的是過去的事，故排除A和C.根據語境排除D.
20. 選uldn’t have done sth 結構在此表示責備，指過去本來可以做某事但實際上未做。第二空填 was wasted，陳述的是過去的一事實。
21. 選B.根據下文的 I’ll phone the airport and find it out 可知，說話人對自己的推測沒有很大把握，故選 might.若選A，語氣太強，不合語境；若選D，不合語法習慣，因為can 表推測通常不用于肯定陳述句中。
22. 選D.既然“通行證現在不在口袋里”，那么它“掉出去”應發生在過去，故排除A和B.比較選項C和D所表示的意思，選D更恰當。
24. 選A.根據 Don’t be so sure 可知前面一空應填must.第二空填的could表示推測，雖為過去式形式，但表示現在意義，語氣較委婉，它與表推測的 can 主要用于否定句和疑問句不同，它可以用于肯定陳述句。
25. 選A.根據句中有關時態可知“他來”發生在過去，故排除B；根據 I don’t know 可知選項C語氣太肯定，不合適；選項D的意思是“本來應該來”，與語境不合。
? 被動語態課件 ?
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. “Do you like the material？” “Yes, it _____ very soft.”
【陷阱】此題容易誤選D，想當然地根據“這布料摸起來很柔軟”這一句意，認為“布料”應是“被摸”，所以 feel 選用被動語態。
【分析】其實，此題正確答案為C，因為 feel 在此為連系動詞，而連系動詞均為不及物動詞，不能用于被動語態，盡管有時其漢語意思有被動意味。請看以下類似例子 （答案均為D）：
（1） Her forehead _____ hot. I’m afraid she is ill.
（2） The new school has been completed. It _____ very beautiful.
（3） The dish _____ nice, but the milk _____ sour.
A. is smelt, is smelt B. is smelt, smells
C. smells, is smelt D. smells, smells
（4） The story of his life _____ interesting.
2. He was angry _____ your work. He said that he _____ at all.
A. at, didn’t satisfy B. to, didn’t satisfy
C. at, wasn’t satisfied D. to, wasn’t satisfied
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能被誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為C. be angry at （about） sth 意為“對某事生氣”，許多同學常按漢語意思將其中的介詞 at （about） 換成 to，這是錯誤的。另外，許多同學將漢語的“不滿意”直譯為 not satisfy，這是是不對的，因為，satisfy在現代英語中只用作及物動詞，其意不是“滿意”而是“使（人）滿意”，所以其后不能沒有賓語，除非本身是被動語態（或是系表結構）。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. The president _____ a cool reception when he visited London.
2. A red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather.
3 If you go there alone after dark you might get _____.
A. attacked and robbed B. attacking and robbing
B. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed
4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.
C. was to hold D. was to be held
5. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
A. develop B. are being developed
C. are developing D. have developed
6. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______.
C. is permitted D. has permitted
7. The students _____ ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.
8. With the development of science, more new technology _______ to the fields of IT.
A. has introduced B. is being introduced
C. is introduced D. was introduced
9.“How about the dishes, Dear？” “The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”
10. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the names and addresses of his friends.
11. “Look！ Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building that ______for？”
A. is being building B. has been built
12. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
13. A red sky in the morning ______ to be a sign of bad weather.
14. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
A. develop B. are being developed
C. are developing D. have developed
1. 選B.一方面語意要求要被動語態，另一方面從句時態暗示主句應用一般過去時。
2. 選D.此句也可說成 It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.
3. 選A，“get + 過去分詞”表被動。
4. 選D，從邏輯上說，“會議”應是被開，故用被動式。
5. 選B.從語境上看，develop 不僅要用被動語態，而且要用進行時態。
6. 選A，該用法中的 permit 為不及物動詞，不用被動語態。其中if time permits 也可換成 time permitting.
7. 選B.謂語為 give sb sth 結構的被動語態形式。
8. 選B.技術應該是“被”引進，故用被動語態；根據語境句子應用現在進行時。
9. 選B.從句意上看，“牛肉”應該是“被”煮，故句子要用被動語態；從時間上看，由于句中有 didn’t taste very good，所以“煮得太久”應該在這一過去時間之前，故用過去完成時。
10. 選D.in which were written the names and addresses…為倒裝句式，其正常表達為 the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook.
11. 選D.因為 building 應該是“被建”，故用被動語態；再根據前文的 look, under construction 等信息詞可知，此處應用現在進行時態。
12. 選B.jobs與lose應為被動關系，故用被動語態；再根據條件狀語從句中的一般現在時可知主句以用一般將來時為宜。
13. 選D.因為主語 a red sky 與謂語動詞say之間為被動關系，故用被動語態。
14. 選B.因為“新的藥物和器械”與“開發”之間為被動關系，故用被動語態。
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.
【陷阱】容易誤選B，認為 advertise 的意思是“做廣告”，advertise for 的意思“為……做廣告”。
【分析】事實上，正確答案為A.advertise 可用作及物和不及物動詞：用作及物動詞時，其意為“為……做廣告”、“登廣告宣傳”；用作不及物動詞時，其意為“做廣告”、“登廣告”，此時通常后接介詞 for，表示“做廣告征求”。比較：
advertise for sth （sb） 登廣告征求或尋找某物或某人 （此時 advertise 不及物）
advertise sth 為……登廣告，登廣告宣傳……（此時 advertise 是及物動詞，其后要直接跟被宣傳的東西作賓語）
People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人們為要賣的東西登廣告。
The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 經理想登廣告招聘一位新秘書。
再比較以下用例：
2. No matter how much you’ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _______ the people heart and soul.
【陷阱】容易誤選B，即字對字地翻譯漢語的“全心全意為人民服務”，將其中的“為”譯為 for.
【分析】答案選A，serve 意為“為……服務”，可直接用作及物動詞，其后不能按漢語意思誤加介詞 for.請看以下類似例子：
（1） I _____ you yesterday, but you weren’t in.
答案選A，ring 可以用作及物動詞，表示“給……打電話”，故其后不用介詞。
（2） Neither of her parents wanted her to _____ her cousin.
答案選A，marry 可用作及物或不及物動詞，用作及物動詞時它的意思“與……結婚”，而不僅僅是“結婚”，也就是說，后接賓語時，無需用介詞 to, with 等。
（3） How can I _____ you, Mr. Green？
答案選A，contact 為及物動詞，表示“與……聯系”，其后不接介詞。
3. According to the rules, students must not ______ their books during examinations.
【陷阱】容易誤選A.因為按照英語一般習慣：看書看報用動詞 read，看電視用動詞watch，看電影用動詞see，看比賽用動詞watch，看黑板用動詞look at，等等。
【分析】一般說來，漢語的“看書”至少有兩層意思，一是指閱讀性地看書，即看書＝讀書，此時通常用動詞read；另一種看書則不是指閱讀性地看書，而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看，比如看看書的封面、定價、內容提要等，或者回答問題時看看書的某些章節或字句以及考試時偷看書本等等，此時通常都不宜用動詞read，而應根據情況選用其他動詞（如 look at）。又如：
Let me have a look at the book. 讓我看看或翻翻這本書。
Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 請不看書回答我的問題。
4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _____ you to go？”
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為C.不能選A是因為 let 后用作賓語補足語的不定式不能帶 to；不能選B是因為動詞 agree習慣上不用于 agree sb to do sth 這一句式；不能選D是因為在 promise sb to do sth 這一句式中，to do sth 的邏輯主語是 promise 的主語而不其是賓語，比如 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答應我，他去”，而不是“他答應我讓我去”。之所以能選C，是因為 allow sb to do sth（允許某人做某事）與上文語境剛好吻合。
5. If they _______ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them.
【陷阱】容易誤選A，根據 agree to do sth（同意做某事），想當然地類推出 disagree to do sth（不同意或不愿意做某事）。
【分析】事實上，語言有很多問題是不能類推的，如上面這一例，英語可說 agree to do sth，但習慣上卻不說 disagree to do sth.類似地，英語中可說 like doing sth，但在現代英語中習慣上說 dislike doing sth，卻不說dislike to do sth.其實上面一題的最佳答案是B，refuse to do sth 意為“拒絕做某事”或“不愿做某事”。
6. They own two cars, not to _____ a motorbike.
【陷阱】很容易根據“他們擁有兩輛小汽車，更不用說一輛摩托車了”這一中文語境而選擇B.
【分析】其實最佳答案為D.因為not to say 和 not to mention 均為習語，但其含義區別甚大：
It is warm, not to say hot. 天氣雖說不上熱，但也夠暖了。
He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即使不是粗魯，至少也是沒有禮貌。
There’re ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children. 我們有10個人愿意幫忙，還不算小孩。
They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the cat and the bird. 他們有三只狗要照顧，更別提那只貓和鳥了。
7. “Do your parents agree to your doing that？” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always ______ me to try something new.”
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。因為若僅從漢語意思來看，四個選項均可填入空格處。
【分析】其實此題的正解答案是D.因為在以上四個選項中，只有encourage 可后接不定式的復合結構作賓語，即可用于 encourage sb to do sth，而其余三者均不可后接不定式的復合結構作賓語，即英語中習慣上不說 hope sb to do sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth.順便說一句，以下英漢語表達也有類似差別，請注意：
漢語說“希望某人做某事”，但英語不說 hope sb to do sth.
漢語說“同意某人做某事”，但英語不說 agree sb to do sth.
漢語說“不同意某人做某事”，但英語不說disagree sb to do sth.
漢語說“害怕某人做某事”，但英語不說 fear sb to do sth.
漢語說“拒絕某人做某事”，但英語不說 refuse sb to do sth.
漢語說“懲罰某人做某事”，但英語不說 punish sb to do sth.
漢語說“建議某人做某事”，但英語不說 suggest sb to do sth.
漢語說“建議某人做某事”，但英語不說 propose sb to do sth.
漢語說“贊成某人做某事”，但英語不說 approve sb to do sth.
漢語說“安排某人做某事”，但英語不說 arrange sb to do sth.
漢語說“要求某人做某事”，但英語不說 demand sb to do sth.
漢語說“感謝某人做某事”，但英語不說 thank sb to do sth.
漢語說“指導某人做某事”，但英語不說 guide sb to do sth.
漢語說“祝賀某人做某事”，但英語不說 congratulate sb to do sth.
漢語說“阻止某人做某事”，但英語不說 prevent sb to do sth.
漢語說“通知某人做某事”，但英語不說 inform sb to do sth.
漢語說“歡迎某人做某事”，但英語不說 welcome sb to do sth.
漢語說“陪伴某人做某事”，但英語不說 accompany sb to do sth.
要表示以上漢語意思，英語需改用其他說法。如：
wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
arrnage for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事
congratulate sb on doing sth 祝賀某人做了某事
prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
等等。
8. Nowadays everyone hopes to ______ good education so as to get a good job in the future.
【陷阱】容易誤選A或B.因為accept 與 receive 的基本區別是前者表示“接受”，后者表示“收到”，而漢語通常是說“接受教育”，而不是說“收到教育”，所以選A或B，
【分析】其實上，此題的正確答案是D，因為英語中習慣說 receive a good education，而不說 accept a good education.另外，education 表示抽象意義的“教育”時，不可數，但表示“一種教育”或“一段教育”時，可與不定冠詞連用。
9. Wearing dark glasses can _______ your eyes from the sun.
【陷阱】容易誤選B.因為許多同學一看到題干中的 from，再聯系到選項中的 prevent，便馬上想起了 prevent … from … 這個常用搭配。
【分析】在 prevent A from B 這一句式中，A 和 B通常具有主謂關系，如在The rain prevented us from going out （下雨使我們不能出去）中，“我們”與“出去”就具有主謂關系。而上面一題不具備此特點。此題正確答案應是 D，protect … from … 意為“保護……免受……”。
10. Mr. Smith was in great need of money, so he ____ $2 000 for his car.
【陷阱】容易誤選A，誤選的依據是pay … for … 這一搭配。
【分析】若單獨說 He paid $2 000 for the car （他付了2 000美元買這車）是完全可以的，但問題是，本句前面有這樣一句He was in great need of money （他急需要錢），既然是“急需要錢”，又怎么還會花美元去買車呢？尤其還需注意的是 car 前的物主代詞 his，這說明是為自己的車花2000美元錢，不合情理。此題的正確答案是B，take 在此表示“獲得”、“得到”，句意為“他急需要錢，把自己的車以2000美元給賣掉了”。
11. There are many kinds _____, but I don’t know which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
【陷阱】此題容易誤選C.
【分析】其實應選B.choose 表示“選擇”，其實是指“選擇出來”（pick out），而不是指“從……選擇”，要表示后者的意思，要用 choose from，有時也用 choose among.同樣地，下面兩例中的介詞 from 也不可省略：
Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 這些詞典可供你選擇。
In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事實上，有各種各樣的顏色可供選擇。
比較：
He chose a red one. 他選了一個紅色的。
He chose from some red ones. 他從一些紅色的當中去選。
He didn’t know which to choose. 他不知道選哪個。
He didn’t know which to choose from. 他不知道從哪個當中去選。
請做以下試題（答案選D）：
（1） “We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you？” “Well, not yet. We have few ______, I’d say.”
C. to be chosen D. to choose from
（2） “I’d like to buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models ______.”
12. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn’t listen.
A. persuaded B. tried to persuade
C. have persuaded D. was persuaded
【陷阱】容易誤選A.
【分析】正確答案為B.persuade 的真正意思是“說服”，而不是“設法說服”，要表示后者的意思英語應用 try to persuade （當然也可用其他詞，如 advise 等）。類似地：
（1） kill 的意思是“殺死”，不表示“設法殺死”，要表示后者的意思英語用 try to kill.
（2） prevent 的意思是“阻止”，不表示“設法阻止”，要表示后者的意思英語用 try to prevent.
13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選A.第一空填lay，它是lie（位于，在）的過去式 lay；第二空 laid，它是 lay（放，置）的過去分詞，句意為“……她發現所有東西還在她當時放它們的地方”。請注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及詞形變換：
（1） lay 有兩個常見意思：一是表示“放”、“擺”（及物），二是表示“下（蛋）”（及物或不及物）。如：
Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。
Are your hens laying yet？ 你的母雞下蛋了嗎？
Will you please lay the table for dinner？ 請你擺好餐具準備吃飯好嗎？
（2） lie 有三個主要意思：一是表示“躺”或“平放”，二是表示“位于”，三是表示“說謊”。用于以上三義時，均為不及物動詞。如：
Don’t lie in bed all morning. 別一個上午都躺在床上。
The book lay open on the desk. 那本書攤開著放在桌上。
Don’t lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。
The small town lies among the mountains. 小鎮位于群山之中。
I’m sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了謊。
（3） 這兩個詞經常被混淆的有時不是其意思，而是其詞形。注意下表所示：請做下題（答案均為B）：
（1） The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they aren’t _____.
（2） The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk.
A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laid
C. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain
14. He _____ a visit to the factory and was warmly _____ by the workers there.
A. took, welcome B. took, welcomed
C. paid, welcome D. paid, welcomed
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C.因為許多同學會模仿 come → came → come 的變化形式，想當然地認為 welcome的變化形式是 welcome → welcame → welcome.
【分析】此題第一空應填動詞 paid，因為 pay a visit to（拜訪）是慣用搭配，其中的 pay 不能換成take.第二空要填welcomed，因為welcome 用作動詞時，其過去式和過去分詞均為 welcomed，即它是規則動詞。有的同學也許會問，我們不是常說 You are welcome 嗎？ 為什么其中的 welcome 未用 welcomed 呢？那是因為此處的 welcome 為形容詞，而不是動詞。
15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted ______.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】按英語語法，連系動詞后通常接形容詞作表語，而不接副詞，據此可以排除選項B和D.但到底是應選A還是C呢？許多同學憑感覺認為 taste to be good 似乎很通順，于是選了C.但是，錯了，正確答案應是A.原因是用作連系動詞的 taste 后習慣上不接to be.如：
這棵樹上的蘋果味道很好。
正：The apples from this tree taste delicious.
誤：The apples from this tree taste to be delicious.
類似地，feel, smell, sound 等連系動詞后習慣上也不接不定式 to be.如：
你的想法聽起來很好。
正：Your idea sounds a good one.
誤：Your idea sounds to be a good one.
誤：Roses smell to be sweet.
比較：seem, appear, prove, turn out, continue 等連系動詞后可以接不定式 to be，也可省略 to be.如：
She seems （to be） a little tired. 她似乎有點累。
He appears （to be） quite young. 他顯得年輕。
The examination turned out （to be） quite easy. 結果考試相當容易。
The weather continued （to be ） fine. 天氣仍然很好。
注：用作連系動詞的 look 后能否接 to be，各語法家意見不一：有的認為可接to be，有的認為不能接 to be.為此，建議同學們以不接 to be 為宜。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. We’re so busy that no one in the office can _____ for any other work.
2. He regards that book _____ one of the worst that he’s _____ read.
3. “Did you get a job？” “No, I ______, but it’s no use.”
4. “Do you know that Jack ______ a postman for about six years？” “Yes, I see.”
5. The thing that ______ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.
6. I don’t want the green coat. It is red and black colours that ______ me very well.
7. “Will another fifty be enough？” “Just twenty will ______.”
8. Goodbye, Mr Carter - my secretary will _____ you to the door.
9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it is ______ early.
10. We haven’t enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _____.
11. He asked her to marry him and she _____ him.
12. My worst fears were _____ when I saw what the exam questions were.
13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _____？
14. What’s the matter with the radio？ Why isn’t it _____？
15. High unemployment _____ the government billions of pounds in lost taxes.
16. It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they _____ so much.
17. She went to the station to meet her husband, but _____ him in the crowd.
18. I missed what was happening because I wasn’t ______ very closely.
19. If you lend me a pound, it will _____ me having to go to the bank.
20. Don’t _______ your breath trying to persuade them; they’ll never listen.
21. He has spent little time on his lessons this term, so he _____ to fail the exam.
22. He will never ______ anything if he doesn’t work hard.
◆ 答案解析 ◆
1. 選B，spare 在表示“騰出或省去（多余的人或物）”。
2. 選C，regard … as …的意思“把……當作……”，其中的介詞 as 不能換成 to be.
3. 選B.I tried to 為 I tried to get a job 之省略。
4. 選D.因為A、B、C均為終止性動詞，均不能連用 for about six years 這樣的一段時間。
5. 選A.matter 在此的意思是“要緊”、“關系重大”。
6. 選A.填空句為強調句，強調主語 red and black colours，故其后的謂語要用復數，即排除C和D.另外，fit 與suit區別是：fit 表示“適合”或“合身”等（及物或不及物），主要是指尺寸、大小、形狀等方面的適合，而 suit 表示“適合”，主要指款式或花色等方面的適合。
7. 選B.do 在此表示“夠”、“足夠”、“適合”、“行”、“可以”等義。又如：
This will never do！ 這事永遠不可以。
I’m hungry. Get me something to eat. Anything will do. 我餓了，給我弄點吃的東西，什么都行。
8. 選 sb to the door 意為“送某人到門口”。注意，其中的介詞 to 不可省略，否則就成了 show sb the door（驅趕某人，下逐客令）。另外，也不要按漢語意思選A，因為send 通常表示派人送，而不表示親自送。
9. 選D，catch 在此表示“發現”，句中的 provided 用作連詞，意為“如果”。
10. 選C.既然書不夠，不能每人一本，所以有些人只能share（分享）了。
11. 選C.accept 意為“同意”、“接受”，注意不能選D，因為 agree 后不能直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語。
12. 選D.realize 在此的意思不是“實現”，而是指“使（不安、恐懼等）成為事實”。
13. 選A，work 在此的意思是“起作用”、“奏效”。
14. 選 在此的意思是“運作”、“運轉”。
15. 選D.spend 和 cost 均可表示“花費”，但句型不同：spend + 時間或金錢 + on sth （in doing sth），cost + 某人或某機構 + 金錢或時間。
16. 選D.由句意和常識推知。
17. 選C.miss 指“錯過”。
18. 選C，由句子的語境可推知。
19. 選A，save 指“省去（勞力等）”。
20. 選B.
21. 選A，expects 在此不是表示“期待”，而是表示“預料”。
22. 選C，achieve 意為“完成”、“做到”。其余三項均不能直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語。
? 被動語態課件 ?
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. “I _____ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.”
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
【陷阱】容易誤選A，認為“忘記”是現在的事。
【分析】仔細體會一下對話的語境：第一個人說“我忘記他的電話號碼了”，這個“忘記”應該是現在的情況，即現在忘記了，要不然就沒有必要同對方說此話了，故第一空應填 forget；第二個人說“我有他的號碼，但我忘記帶電話本了”，這個“忘記”應該是過去的情況，即過去忘記帶電話本，所以現在電話本不在身上（注意句中的轉折連詞 but），故第二空應填 forgot，即答案選應C.請再看一例：
- Oh, I ______ where he lives.
- Don’t you carry your address book？
No, I ______ to bring it.
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
答案選C，理由同上。
2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.
【陷阱】容易誤選B或D，認為前句用了had hoped，所以此句謂語要用B或D與之呼應。
【分析】但正確答案為A，前一句謂語用had hoped，表示的是過去未曾實現的想法或打算，可以譯為“本想”，而后一句說“我太忙”，這是陳述過去的一個事實，所以要用一般過去時。請做以下類似試題（答案均為A）：
（1） We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.
C. would find D. would have found
（2） We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.
（3） We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.
（4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn’t get away.
C. would call D. would have called
（5） The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.
3. Dear me！ Just _____ at the time！ I _____ no idea it was so late.
【陷阱】此題容易誤選D，認為第一空用現在分詞表伴隨，第二空填 have 的一般現在時，以保持與前面時態的一致性。
【分析】其實，此題應選C，第一空應填 look, 因為這是祈使句的謂語；第二空應填 had，因為前一句說“看看時間吧”，這一看當然知道了現在很遲的情形，“不知道這么遲了”顯然應是“過去”的事，故應用一般過去時態，許多同學由于忽略這一隱含的語境而誤選。
4. “Your phone number again？ I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 4331577”
【陷阱】此題容易誤選C，認為此處要用一般現在時態，表示現在“沒聽清對方的話”。
【分析】其實，此題答案應選A，根據上文的語境“請把你的電話號碼再說一遍好嗎？”可知“沒聽清對方的電話號碼”應是在說此話以前，故應用一般過去時態。請看以下類似試題：
（1） “Mr Smith isn’t coming tonight.” “ But he _____.”
答案選B，“他答應（要來）”應發生在過去。
（2） “Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____.”
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice
答案選B，“我沒注意”是對方提醒之前的事，現經對方一提醒，當然注意到了。
（3） “Oh it’s you！ I ________ you.” “I’ve had my hair cut.”
A. didn’t realize B. haven’t realized
C. didn’t recognize D. don’t recognized
答案選C.“沒認出是你”是說此話之前的事，說此話時顯然已經認出了對方。
（4） “What’s her new telephone number？” “Oh, I _____.”
C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
此題應選A，從語境上看，“忘記”的時間應是現在，即指現在不記得了。
（5） “Since you’ve agreed to go, why aren’t you getting ready？” “But I ______ that you would have me start at once.”
A. don’t realize B. didn’t realize
C. hadn’t realized D. haven’t realized
答案選B.“沒意識到”是對方提醒之前的事。
（6） “It’s twelve o’clock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really？ I ______ it at all.”
A. don’t realize B. haven’t realized
C. didn’t realize D. hadn’t realized
答案選C.“沒意識到”是在聽到的話之前的事。
5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
【陷阱】容易誤選B或C.
【分析】此題應選D，這是由 but I don’t know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語境決定的，全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫一本書，但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”。有的同學可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選B.但若選B，則句子前半部分的意思則變為“史密斯先生去年寫了一本書”，既然是“寫了”，那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”相矛盾。
6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選C，上文說“他”變化很大，即“他”現在不是過去的那個樣子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其實第二空也可用 used to be）。請看類例：
“What place is it？” “Haven’t you found out we _____ back where we ______？”
A. were, had been B. have been, are
答案選C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我們（現在）又回到剛才來過的地方”。
7. He is very busy. I don’t know if he _____ or not tomorrow.
【陷阱】此題容易誤選B.認為 if 引導的是條件狀語從句，從句謂語要用一般現在時表示將來意義。
【分析】其實，此題答案應選C，句中if引導的不是條件狀語從句（即if≠如果），而是賓語從句（即if＝是否），句意為“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否會來。”請看以下類似試題：
（1） I don’t know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案選 D，第一個 if 引導的是賓語從句，第二個 if 引導的是條件狀語從句。
（2） “When _____ he come？” “I don’t know, but when he _____, I’ll tell you.”
A. does, comes B. will, will come
C. does, will come D. will, comes
答案選 D，第一個 when 疑問副詞，用于引出一個特殊疑問句；第二個 when是從屬連詞，用于引導時間狀語從句。
（3） “When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案選 D，第一個 when 引導的是主語從句，第二個 when引導的是時間狀語從句。
8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from B. was dated from
【陷阱】此題容易誤選B或D，認為句中用了 1688 這個過去時間，所以應選過去時態，又因為 date from 不用于被動語態，所以只能選D.
【分析】其實此題的最佳答案應是C，因為 date from 的意思是“自某時起存在至今”（＝have existed since），它通常用于一般現在時，而不用過去時態（盡管其后接的總是表示過去的時間）。如：
The church dates from 1176. 這座教堂是六世紀建的。
The castle dates from the 14th century. 這座城堡是14世紀建的。
但若所談論的東西現在已不復存在，則可用一般過去時。如：
The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世紀建成的，兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。
注：與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類似用法。
9. “You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.”
【陷阱】容易誤選D.
【分析】A和D兩者均可表示將來，填入空格處似乎都可以。但實際上只有A是最佳的，因為根據上下文的語境來看，“我去把燈關掉”這一行為是說話人聽了對方的話后臨時想到的，而不是事先準備的。而按英語習慣：will 和 be going to后接動詞原形均可表示意圖，但意圖有強弱之分，如果是事先考慮過的意圖，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考慮過的，而是說話時刻才臨時想到的意圖，則用 will.比較：
“I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.” “我出來沒帶錢。”“沒關系，我借給你。”（句中用will lend，表示“借”錢給對方是臨時想到的，即聽了對方的話后臨時作出的反應）
I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m going to learn to type. 我買了臺打字機，我想學打字。（句中用 be going to learn to type，表示說話人要學打字是事先準備的，并為此買了臺打字機）
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. Look at that little boy wandering about - perhaps he _____ his mother.
2. It’s good that we _____ to the park because it’s started to rain.
3. I _____ for five minutes； why don’t they come？
C. was calling D. have been calling
4. You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait.
5. We _____ to move but are still considering where to go to.
6. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone； who _____ it？
7. They won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car.
8. I _____ your last point - could you say it again？
A. didn’t quite catch B. don’t quite catch
C. hadn’t quite catch D. can’t quite catch
9. You’ll never guess who I met today - my old teacher！ We _____ for 20 years.
10. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere.
11. They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment.
A. are expected B. have expected
12. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre； I’m sure he _____ abroad all week.
13. The students _______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.
A. had written, left B. were writing, has left
C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
14. I tried to phone her, but even as I _____ she was leaving the building.
15. “I suppose you _____ that report yet？” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”
A. didn’t finish B. haven’t finished
C. hadn’t finished D. wasn’t finishing
16. -Didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank？
-No, he _______ in the other direction.
17. How can you possibly miss the news？ It _______ on TV all day long.
18. “I thought you might have got drunk.” “Yes, I ______.”
19. You ______ television. Why not do something more active？
A. always watch B. are always watching
C. have always watched D. have always been watching
20. “I took part in the TOEFL. It was really hard.” “Did you ______ a lot？”
A. Have you studied B. Did you study
C. Had you studied D. Do you study
21. “What’s your opinion on the matter, please？” “Oh, sorry, I _______.”
A. wasn’t to listen B. haven’t listened
C. wasn’t listening D. hadn’t listened
22. “Aha, you’re a chain smoker！” “Only at home. Nobody _______ that but you.”
23. The telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father.
A. had rang； was B. has rung； was
C. rang； has been D. has been ringing； is
24. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who ______ him, but failed.
25. When I arrived at the company, the manager ______, so we had only time for a few words.
A. just went away B. had gone away
C. was just going away D. has just gone away
26. “John took a photograph of you just now.” “Oh, really？ I ______.”
A. didn’t know B. wasn’t knowing
27. “Mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “It’s a shame！ He _______！”
28. Please call again. Jim _______ a bath just now.
29. “Was Andrew there when you arrived？” “Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.”
30. “Where is Mother.” “She is in the kitchen. She _______ the housework all morning.”
31. The books, ________ the dictionaries, must be put back where they ________.
A. included； were B. to include； are
C. including； were D. including； are
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選D.根據那個小男孩徘徊的現象，推知他可能是找不到媽媽了。用現在完成時表示結果。
2. 選C.句意為“好在我們（剛才）沒有去公園，因為天（現在）已經開始下雨了”。
3. 選D.用現在完成進行時表示持續到現在的一段時間。
4. 選B，用現在完成時表示結果，即你已經錯過了機會，其結果是：你只能等。
5. 選C.用現在完成時表示影響。
6. 選B.用現在完成時表示影響或結果，即現在筆不見了，是由于某人已經把它拿走了的結果。
7. 選D.用現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作。
8. 選A.從下文的語境看，既然現在叫對方重復一遍，說明“沒聽清對方的最后一點”應發生在過去（即說此話之前）。
9. 選B.用現在完成時表示從過去持續到現在的一段時間。
10. 選B.before 用作副詞時不與具體時間連用，泛指“以前”，通常與一般過去時或現在完成時連用。
11. 選C.用現在進行時表示目前的一種狀態。
12. 選C.用現在完成時表示影響或結果，即他整個星期都在國外，所以你說你在劇院見過他，你一定是搞錯了。
13. 選D.“把書忘在辦公室”發生在“去取書”這一過去的動作之前，因此“忘了書”這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在“同學們正忙于……”這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
14. 選D.注意even as 的意思，它表示“正當……的時候”或“恰當……的時候”。
15. 選B.注意下文語境--事實上，我昨天就做完了。從該回答的語氣上推測，填空處應填現在完成時態。
16. 選A.表示當時正在進行的動作。
17. 選A.表示目前一種持續的狀態。
18. 選C.句中的 might have got drunk是對過去情況的推測，故答句所指的情況也應在過去，故選C.
19. 選B.always 與進行時態連用，可以表示高興、滿意、抱怨、厭惡等感情色彩。
20. 選C.根據took的時態可知，“參加托福考試”發生在過去；而對方問“是否努力學習過？”這肯定問的是參加考試以前的事，故用過去完成時。
21. 選C.“沒聽”肯定是剛才的事，所以應用過去時態。
22. 選C.答句陳述的是客觀事實，故用一般現在時態。
23. 選B.按英語語法，“in the last +一段時間”通常與現在完成時連用。
24. 選C.用過去進行時表示當時在持續的一種狀態。
25. 選C.由于下文說we had only time for a few words，說明“經理”正準備離開。
26. 選A.“不知道”是對方告訴自己之前的事，故用一般過去時。
27. 選B.根據語境，他“答應”發生在過去，故用一般過去時。
28. 選C.just now 有兩個意思：一是表示“剛才”，此時just now 為習語；二是表示“現在”、“眼前”、“就在此時”，此時 just 意為“正好”、“恰好”，用以修飾副詞now.根據句子語境，句中的 just now 應取上面的第二個意思。
29. 選D.Andrew“回家”發生在你見到他（發生在過去）之后不久。
30. 選 D.現在完成進行時表示從過去至今一直在持續的動作。
31. 選 C.第一空including不填 included，因為其后帶有賓語；第二填 were，是因為它是指“原來放的地方”。
? 被動語態課件 ?
第一部分、一切從解題的需要出發來閱讀文章一、理解文章的行文思路因為所有的文章都是來自現實生活,因此,作者的文章必定圍繞著一個主題biomedical researches animal rights advocates;
作者通常會以引言或事例引出要議論的話題To paraphrase 18th -century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing;
然后作者必定要提出自己的`觀點Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.
接下來作者會用舉例等方法來論證自己的觀點：
1.For example, a grandmotherly woman…
2.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way--in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology;
在文章的結尾處,作者還會提出解決問題的方法Much can be done.
不難看出,熟知文章的行文思路,對解答文章的主旨大意題、段落內的推理判斷題以及作者的觀點態度題都是極有幫助的。我們建議考生朋友們在做了一定量的歷年真題之后,回過頭來總結一下文章的結構特點,這對以后的閱讀和解題都會大有裨益。
二、練成快速分清文章主次內容的本領一篇文章所包含的內容很多,而試題往往只考查其主要思想觀點和部分細節內容,因此我們讀了文章后面的閱讀試題以后,一定確立這樣一個意識,即,只關注和查找和試題有關的內容,只要能夠回答問題,不必弄懂每一個細節。這種閱讀方法的依據是,考研閱讀當中的試題60%以上題型為細節題,解答這些試題,只要找到其在原文中的出處,就能夠確定答案,不需要聯系文章的其他內容。閱讀文章當中常常有一些舉例的地方,其所設涉及的人物往往有很長的定語,比如,Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that…George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that…對于這些細節,我們一般不用對人名后的限制說明部分太注意,重點是看這個人他/她有什么觀點。
三、分清文章中的觀點和事實細節區分事實和觀點是閱讀理解能力最為重要的一環。表明作者觀點的句子一般為判斷句,如,There are reasons to be optimistic. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low level findings about factual errors…. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive wave are the same that underlie the globalization process…All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to customers.文章中事實細節往往帶有更加明顯的標志,如, For example, For instance, In America,還有一些數據等都是事實細節的標志。
第二部分、利用一切線索為解題服務一、文章中的連詞和副詞是解題的線索連詞和副詞是文章當中的重要連接手段,它們使文章的各種內容成為一個邏輯整體。需要大家注意的詞有but, however, nevertheless, while, though, although, and, on one hand… on the other hand, consequently, as a result, consequently, thus等等。這些詞表達著文章當中的并列、因果、轉折等邏輯關系,往往是作者表明自己觀點的依據。
二、文章中的例子和引用之處一般會出題現在最為常考的方式是問作者為什么要舉某個例子或引用某人的話比如,The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that___;The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to___。
三、文章中帶有形容詞比較級和最高級部分容易出題大家對the most, further, greater, longer, more complex等字詞要高度敏感,這些地方往往是出題的地方。
四、文章當中的結構復雜句往往蘊涵著試題這類句子通常為,帶有許多插入成分的復雜單句,帶有很多附加成分的復合句,其中以定語從句為多。
總之,在PETS英語閱讀的中后期,同學們應該以如何在考試當中獲取高分為復習的中心任務,努力培養和提高自己的做題能力和技巧。充分意識到樹立大閱讀意識對考研閱讀復習的促進作用,從大處著眼,在具體做題實踐當中將各個小的技巧貫徹落實,這是一條捷徑。
? 被動語態課件 ?
1 . 人民不僅有權愛國，而且愛國是個義務，是一種光榮。——徐特立
2 . 但愿蒼生俱飽暖，不辭辛苦出山林。(明于謙《詠煤炭》
3 . ）轉換時一般不得變更動詞的時態。另下列各時式不能用于被動句中。
4 . 赤子孤獨了，會創造一個世界，創造許多心靈的朋友！永遠保持赤子之心，到老也不會落伍，永遠能夠與普天下的赤子之心相接相契相抱！
5 . 我的未來不是夢
6 . 我無論做什么，始終想著，只要我的精力允許的話，我就要首先為我的祖國服務。——[俄]巴甫洛夫《年工作的展望》
7 . 帶介詞保留賓語的被動句中常用動詞有：clear…of, cure…of, strip…of, add…to, devote…to, dedicated…to, base…on, compare…with, free…from等。
8 . 愛國者的話是最有價值的。——魯迅《論辯的魂靈》
9 . 一個人惟有敢于正視現實，正視錯誤，用理智分析，徹底感悟，才不至于被回憶侵蝕。我相信你逐漸會學會這一套，越來越堅強的。
10 . 在快樂的童年里，我們根本不會感到蒸籠般夏天的難耐與難熬。惟有在此后艱難的人生里，才體會到苦夏的滋味。快樂把時光縮短，苦難把歲月拉長，一如這長長的仿佛沒有盡頭的苦夏。但我至今不喜歡談自己往日的苦楚與磨礪。相反，我卻從中領悟到“苦”字的分量。苦，原是生活中的蜜。人生的一切收獲都壓在這沉甸甸的苦字的下邊。然而一半的苦字下邊又是一無所有。你用盡平生的力氣，最終所獲與初始時的愿望竟然去之千里。你該怎么想？
? 被動語態課件 ?
被動語態是英語語法中的一種重要句式，通過此結構可以很清楚地表達出動作的承受者與動作執行者的關系。本篇文章將詳細介紹被動語態的使用規則、構成形式以及常見注意事項。
I. 被動語態的基本概念
被動語態是在英語句子中用來表達動作的承受者而非執行者的一種語法形式。在被動語態中，句子的主語成為動作的接收者，而動詞的形式則以過去分詞的形式出現。
II. 被動語態的構成形式
被動語態的構成形式包括：
1. 一般現在時：am/is/are + 過去分詞
2. 一般過去時：was/were + 過去分詞
3. 一般將來時：will be + 過去分詞
4. 現在進行時：am/is/are being + 過去分詞
5. 過去進行時：was/were being + 過去分詞
III. 被動語態的使用規則
被動語態有以下幾個使用規則：
1. 動作執行者未知或不重要：當并不關心或并不知道動作的執行者是誰時，可以使用被動語態來改寫句子。例如，"The car was stolen last night."（昨晚車被偷了。）
2. 動作的接收者重要：當想要強調動作的接收者時，可以使用被動語態。例如，"The cake was made by my grandmother."（蛋糕是我奶奶做的。）
3. 邏輯主語與動作執行者不同：當邏輯主語與動作執行者不同的時候，需要使用被動語態來表達這種關系。例如，"The book was written by a famous author."（這本書是由一位著名作家寫的。）
4. 不知道或無需提及動作的執行者：當不知道或者無需提及動作的執行者時，可以使用被動語態。例如，"The house was built in 1920."（這座房子建于1920年。）
IV. 被動語態的常見注意事項
在使用被動語態時，需要注意以下幾點：
1. 時態的改變：根據句子的時態，被動語態中助動詞的形式也要相應改變。
2. 省略動作執行者：在被動語態中，通常可以省略動作的執行者。但如果有需要強調動作執行者的情況，則可以使用"by"加上動作執行者來明確指出。
3. 原句的主語成為被動語態中的賓語：在被動語態中，原句中的主語將成為被動語態中的賓語。
4. 句子結構的變化：根據句子的結構，被動語態的動詞形式需發生相應的變化，例如：及物動詞變為不及物動詞，主動形式變為被動形式等。
：
被動語態是英語語法中的一個重要結構，通過使用被動語態，可以準確地表達出動作的承受者和動作執行者之間的關系。熟練掌握被動語態的使用規則和構成形式，對于英語學習者來說是非常重要的。通過不斷的練習和實踐，可以更好地運用被動語態來表達自己的觀點，使的句子更加生動有力。
? 被動語態課件 ?
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. _____ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
【陷阱】容易誤選B。
【分析】最佳答案為C。有的同學誤選B主要是因為受以下這類句子的影響：
Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人來都歡迎。
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要這書都可拿去。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 誰要是得到這份工作就有很多事要做。
以上三句中 whoever 引導的均為主語從句，其中的 whoever均可換成 anyone who，但是不能換成 anyone。以上試題從表面上看，與以上各例很相似，其實它們有本質的不同，即 _____ with any common sense 中沒有謂語動詞，所以我們不能選 whoever。此題的正確答案為C，anyone 為句子主語，with any common sense 為修飾 anyone 的定語。現將此題稍作改動如下，答案選B：
_______ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _____ it and they each _____ to buy one.
【陷阱】容易誤選D。認為前面一空填復數動詞，因為其主語是 boy and girl，為復數；第二空填單數動詞，因為其前有 each，表示“每一個”。
【分析】事實上，此題應選C。因為按英語習慣，every 后接兩個并列的單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填復數動詞 want，是因為其前的主語是 they 而不是 each（each 為主語的同位語）。
3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.
【陷阱】容易誤選B。選擇的依據是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的 other 不可省略)：
He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我們班最高的。
English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 現今英語在國際交往中比其他任何語言用得都廣。
【分析】但是上面一題與這類句子有所不同。這類句型到底該不該加 other，主要應看所談論的對象是否在比較的范圍之內：若在范圍之內，則用 other (以排除自己與自己比較)；若不在范圍之內，則不用 other。比較下面一題：
China is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
此題應選B，因為 China 在 Asia 的范圍之內。假若選A，則表示“中國比亞洲的任何國家都大”，而中國本身也是亞洲國家，由此則得出“中國比中國大”的荒謬結論。而選B，則表示“中國比亞洲任何其他國家要大”，這才合乎事實。
4. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
【陷阱】幾個干擾均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為C。做好此題的關鍵是要注意句中的 better 一詞，由于better 用的是比較級，說明比較的對象應是兩者，由此可推知第二空應填both；另一方面，由于所談論的是兩者，說明選擇范圍比較窄、比較明確，所以第一空應填 which。
5. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
【陷阱】很容易誤選B，因為前文提到 coffee 和 beer 為兩者，所以有的同學就認為應選 both 和 more 與之對應(more 為比較級，指兩者比較)。
【分析】做對此題的關鍵是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除這兩者外的第三者，故第二空應填 the most，即此題最佳答案為C。
6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
此題答案選D，主要與上文的some book or other (某一本書)這一語境有關，全句句意為：“我在某一本書上讀到過它，是哪一本書這很重要嗎?”請看類似試題：
(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
此題最佳答案為D。句意為：“誰告訴你的？”“噢，有個人，我忘記是哪一個了。”
(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
此題最佳答案為C。句意為“有些學生開會遲到了，但我不記得是哪些學生了”。
7. These trousers are dirty and wet - I’ll change into my _____.
【陷阱】容易誤選A、B。
【分析】最佳答案為C。是從語法上看，another 后通常接單數名詞，而不接trousers 這樣的復數名詞（若用 another pair 則可以）；也不能選 trousers 是因為填它句子意思不通。最佳答案應選C，others 相當于 other trousers，其中的 other 與前面的 these 相對照。
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
【陷阱】容易誤選B。選擇依據可能是one … the other …這一常用結構。
【分析】最佳答案為D。使用one … the other … 時，我們通常是針對兩者而言的，即指“兩者中的一個……，另一個……”；如果所談論的情況不是針對兩者而言的，而是針對多者而言的，那么我們就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考慮用 another。又如(答案均選D，即選 another)：
(1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _____ one?
(2) I have many such novels. I’ll bring _____ tomorrow.
(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _____.
比較以下各例：
(1) Shut ____ eye, Jim.
答案選D，因為人的眼睛只有兩只，故用 one … the other … 結構。
(2) It’s sometimes hard to tell one twin from _____.
答案選D，twin 意為“孿生子之一”、“雙胞胎之一”，即指兩者之一，故用 one … the other … 這一結構。
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
此題容易誤選A，認為既然前面出現了 four bedrooms，故填 all 與之對應。其實，此題的最佳答案應為B，原因是空格后的隱藏信息 its，它表示空格處應填一個單數代詞，但是不能選C，因為 every 不能這樣單獨使用。
10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
【陷阱】容易誤選B、C。因為句子主語指人，似乎只有B、C才與之一致。
【分析】其實，正確答案應選A。因為 anything but 是習語，意為“根本不是”或“一點也不”，不僅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
I’ll do anything but that. 我絕不會干那種事。
The party was anything but a success. 晚會根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父親根本不是詩人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那樣的人絕不算英雄。
11. Tell _______ you like - it makes no difference to me.
【陷阱】容易從中文字面來理解而誤選A或B。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。但若將A, B兩項合起來，即用 anyone who這樣的形式則也可以。選 C，whoever 引導一個賓語從句，用作動詞 tell的賓語。同樣地，請看以下類似試題：
(1) _____ comes is welcome.
此題很容易誤選A，因為從漢語意思來分析，可理解為“任何人來都歡迎”，但若選A，此句的結構是混亂的，句中有兩個謂語動詞 comes 和 is，但卻只是一個句子。此題應選C，anyone 是句子主語，who comes 是修飾 anyone 的定語從句。
(2) _____ comes to see me, tell him I’m out.
此題很容易按漢語意思誤選A，其實應選C。whoever 引導的是讓步狀語從句，相當于 no matter who。
(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
此題不能選A，假若選A，應在其后加上 who，即用 anyone who；也不能選B，一是因為空格處應填一個作主語的詞(因為其后有謂語動詞 shares)，二是因為在現代英語中 whomever 這個詞已基本廢除 (也就是說，在現代英語中 whoever 既用作主語，也用作賓語，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在會議室里看見誰就把它給誰)；也不能選D，因為 no matter who只用于引導讓步狀語從句，不用于引導名詞性從句。此題正確答案為C，whoever 在此相當于 anyone who。
比較下例，答案應選A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：
It was a matter of _____ would take the position.
12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully.
【陷阱】容易根據漢語字面意思誤選C。
【分析】最佳答案選 B。第一空填that，that 用作副詞，相當于 so，又如：
Is it always that hot? 總那么熱嗎?（其中的 that hot 可以換成 so hot，但不能換成 such hot）
I can only tell you that much. 我只能告訴你這么多。（其中的 that much 可以換成 so much，但不能換成 such much）
注意第一空不能填such，因為such 不用作副詞，即它不用于修飾形容詞。
另外，漢語中說“好好想一想”，通常可以不帶賓語，但英語中的think over 是及物動詞，如果用它來表示“好好想一想”，應根據上下文的語境讓它帶上適當的賓語，所以本題應用 think it over，相當于 think the problem over。
13. The camera isn’t good enough; I want to change ______.
C. it with another D. it for another
【陷阱】容易根據漢語字面意思誤選A、B。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。英語中的 change sth 表示的是“換某物”，sth 是被換的東西，而 change sth for sth else 表示的才是“用某物換另一物”。比較：
That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去換一件。
That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了，我得去換一件小一點的。
14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
【陷阱】此題容易誤選 B，生搬硬套不定代詞用法規則：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑問句。
【分析】其實此題應選 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你說的大部分內容)，其后的not 與 everything 構成部分否定，意為“不是所有的都同意”，前后兩部分用轉折連詞 but 連接，語氣通順、連貫。請看一個類似的例子：
______ likes money, but money is not ______.
A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anything
C. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything
最佳答案選A，句意為“大家都喜歡錢，但錢不是萬能的”。
15. “Is there ______ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
【陷阱】此題容易誤選 A。認為這是一般疑問句，要用 anybody。
【分析】其實此題應選B，主要與上下文的語境有關。全文語境為：“大家都到齊了嗎？”“沒有，Bob 和Tim 兩人請假了。”假若我們將此題作如下變換，則情形就會有所不同：
“Is there ______ here?” “Yes, I’m upstairs. Please come and help me.”
此題的最佳答案應是A，而不是B。
請再看一例：
“Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”
答案選C，句意為“瑪麗，現在家里東西都準備齊了嗎？”“還沒有，我們還要買些水果和茶。”
16. “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，機械地套用以下規則：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑問句。
【分析】當然以上規則在通常情況下是有效的，但此句不屬通常用法。此題的最佳答案應是B，something 在此的意思不是“某種東西”，而是指“那種東西”或“這種東西”，即心中最想要的那種東西(相當于 the thing)。同樣地，下面幾題的最佳答案也是 something，而不是 anything：
(1) It’s not _____ that we want to talk about; let’s change the subject.
(2) It’s not _____ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.
(3) Self-control is not _____ that comes with your birth.
(4) This is not _____ that would disturb me anyway.
17. Some say one thing, but _____.
A. other, another B. others, another
C. others, the other D. the others, others
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選B。but others another 為 but others say another 之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句與前面分句有相同的詞，常把后一分句中的相同部分給省略掉，以避免重復。如：
One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打傷。(wounded 前省略了 was)
I work in a factory and my brother on a farm. 我在工廠工作，我弟弟在農場工作。(on a farm 前省略了 works)
My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房間在三樓，他的房間在四樓。（on the third 前省略了 is）
18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題答案選C，one 相當于 a student。類似地，以下各題也選one，它們分別相當于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：
(1) A table made of steel costs more than _______ made of wood.
(2)“Why don’t we take a little break?” “Didn’t we just have _____?”
(3) The question is _____ of great importance.
(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can’t afford to buy ______.
(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. Tom’s mother always told him not to smoke again, but _____ didn’t help.
2. Both teams were in hard training; _____ was willing to lose the game.
3. There he pointed to _____ looked like a stone and said that’s ______ you had to carry home.
4. I know nothing about the accident except _____ I read in the paper.
5. Energy is ____ makes one work.
6. Don’t go to _____ places where there is no fresh air.
7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _____?
8. I’m afraid we can’t have coffee; there’s _____ left.
9. _____ worries me is _____ we’re going to pay for all this.
10. He just does ______ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else.
11. _____ of you comes first will get the ticket.
12. His income is double _____ it was five years ago.
13. If you want a friend, you’ll find _____ in me.
14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _____ better.
15. Do you know _______ friends are coming to our party?
16. _______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.
18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _______, but failed.
19. -Here are the best styles of the clothes. Which one do you like?
- _______. They are not so nice as I expected.
20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept ______of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.
21. “There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______.” “Thanks.”
22. “When shall we meet again?” “Make it _______day you like; it’s all the same to me.”
23. “Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.” “Why ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.”
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選B，it 指前面提到的情況。由于句中用了并列連詞 but，所以不能選C。當然，若去掉空格前的but，則可選C。
3. 選B，因是 both teams，即談論的是兩者，因此可鎖定A和B；從語境上看，應選B，即雙方都不愿輸。
3. 選B。即兩空均填 what，第一個what 相當于 something that；第二個what 相當于the thing that。
4. 選C，what 在句中用作動詞 read 的賓語。
5. 選A，what 相當于 something that。
6. 選C，但容易誤選A。按英語習慣，受 such 修飾的名詞后跟定語從句時，引導定語從句的關系詞一般只能是 as，而不能是 that, which, who, where等。如：Such women as knew him thought he was charming. 認識他的女人都認為他很有魅力。此句中的 as 就不能換成that 或 who，若要使用 that 或who，則需將 such 換掉，如說成Those women who knew Tom thought he was charming.
7. 選C，句意為“教室幾乎是空的，大家都到哪里去了？”
8. 選B，nothing 指“什么也沒有”；none 指數量上的“一點(個)也沒有”。注：回答 how much 和 how many 時要用 none，而不用 nothing，道理同此。
9. 選C，what worries me 為主語從句，且 what 在主語從句中用作主語。
10. 選B。從句意推知。
11. 選B 最佳，因 who后通常不接表示范圍的 of 短語，故不宜選C；若選A，則句型不對；若選D，則語義不通。
12. 選D，what 相當于 the amount that。
13. 選 A，one 在此相當于a friend。
14. 選C，I like nothing better 相當于 It’s the best thing I like。
15. 選D。else 可放在 who, what, where, how, why 等疑問詞之后，但習慣上不放在which之后，而且在一般情況下也不用在whose后，遇此情況可用 who else’s，如：
Who else’s fault could it be? 這會是其他什么人的錯嗎?
但是，若其后不修飾名詞，有時也可用whose else。如：
Whose else could it be? 這會是其他什么人的嗎?
16. 選C。其余三者均不能引導主語從句。whoever 在此相當于 anyone who。
17. 選C。whoever shares her interests用作介詞of的賓語，同時whoever又用作謂語動詞shares的語。
18. 選B。由于句中談到的是 Mr and Mrs Smith，即談的是兩者，故排除選項A和C，因為 none 和all 均用于指三者。又因為空格前有否定介詞without，故空格處填either, 不用 neither。
19. 選D。none 可視為 I like none of them 之省略。從下文的語境看，空格處只能填空一個表否定意義的詞。據此首先排除B；雖然A、C、D均表否定意義，但neither 與前面的best（既然使用最高級，說明有三者或多者在作比較）不吻合；而 nothing 表示“什么也沒有”，不合語境。
20. 選 C。none 和 neither 表否定，與句中的 refused to acept這一語境不符。在 either 與 any 兩個選項中，either 指兩者，與句中的 three suggestions 不符。故只能選 any，指三者中的任意一個。
21. 選 A。比較四個選項：either 指兩者中的“任意一個”，each 指兩者或兩者以上中的“每一個”，one 用來替代“a / an +單數可數名詞”，it 替代“the +單數名詞”。
22. 選 B。根據下文的 it’s all the same to me(對我都一樣)可知，選 any 最合語境。
23. 選 D。Why me? 可視為 Why do you ask me to go and join? 之省略。另外，me 還通常在簡略回答中用作主語。如：Me too.(我也一樣。)
? 被動語態課件 ?
高中英語語法復習應圍繞兩大主題展開, 第一: 從句部分(定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句)；第二：動詞部分（動詞的時態和語態、情態動詞、非謂語動詞、虛擬、倒裝），其中前三部分為復習的重點。
例句1 --- You’re drinking too much.
--- Only at home. No one ___ me but you.
A. is seeing B. has seen C. sees D. saw
正確選項為C, 說話人此時指目前一個經常性的行為。
例句2 I bought a radio here yesterday, but it ______ work.
A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. won’t D. can’t
正確選項為B, 說話人此時強調的不是動作發生的時間，而是東西的性質，即收音機的質量不好。
基本概念: 指經常性的行為或強調東西的特性，而忽略時間概念。
特殊用法: 主句為一般將來時，狀語從句要用一般現在時（如強調動作的結果，可用現在完成時）。
例句1 I’ll tell him when he comes back.
2 We’ll go out if we are free tomorrow.
3 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
4. Please tell me as soon as you have finished it.
基本形式:
A. will (shall) do B. be going to do
兩種形式有時可以互換，但A 更強調意愿；B更強調計劃和安排。
例句1 --- You’ve left the light on.
--- Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off.
2 I’m going to fly to Shanghai tomorrow.
1) 表運動動詞 ( come; go; leave; arrive, …) 的進行時--- 表計劃或安排
* He’s arriving tomorrow.
* We are to meet at the station at six tonight.
3) be about to do … --- “… 馬上就要…”
* The train is about to leave.
be about to do … when… --- “ 正要… 突然…”
* He was about to leave when the telephone rang. (此句為過去將來時。)
以上兩種時態是時態部分難點，首先，為什么要將這兩種時態放在一起討論？
例句：1. Who put forward the suggestion?
2. When did he leave?
3. She often came to help us. （他過去常來幫我們。）
4. I didn’t know you were so busy. （我沒想到你這么忙。）
以上各句中用的都是一般過去時，顯然，說話的人是強調過去某時發生的動作或情況。
5. How many pages have you covered today?
6. I haven’t seen him for many days.
7. I’ve always walked to work.
8. The students have already left.
9. The city has taken on a new look.
10. Thank you. I’ve had my supper.
以上各句用的都是現在完成時，可以看出，與一般過去時一樣，現在完成時所表示的動作也是發生在過去（說話以前），但它強調的是：
2）過去的動作對現狀有某種影響（例8---10），說話人強調的是現在如何。
注意在現在完成時的第一種用法中，時間狀語常用for…; since…短語（從句）
如：We haven’t seen each other for many years./ since he left 10 years ago.
此時（主句）謂語動詞不能用非延續性動詞。如：
* He has left home for many years.（錯誤）
* He has been away from home for many years. (正確)
* He has been dead since 1990.(正確)
兩種時態的比較練習:
1. --- Where __you __ (put) the book? I can’t see it anywhere.
--- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.
A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put
2. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
3. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?
A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been
4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to.
A. finished; were B. have finished; are
C. have finished; were D. had finished; were
5. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work.
A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found
6. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each.
A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten
Key:
1. B 前者強調的是 I can’t find it anywhere (now), 因此用現在完成時;后者強調的是I put it right here(just now).
2. C 說話者強調Jane 目前的狀況.
3. D didn’t know 強調見面前原不知道.
4. C 全句含義為 “我們現在已經比預期的(強調過去)提前完成任務( 強調現在).
5. D 為被動語態的現在完成時, 強調that 從句的內容現在已被發現,為人所知.
6. B 注意when I was at college 是指過去的某一時間,動詞應用一般過去時; I have forgotten 是指現在的情況.
I’ve been sitting here all afternoon.
現在完成進行時強調動作從過去持續到現在,而且目前還在進行。
這里需要注意兩點：
1）有少數動詞（如：work, study, live, teach等）用現在完成時和現在完成進行時的意思是無大的區別的， 如：
* They have lived / have been living here all their lives.
* She has worked / has been working here for eight years.
在強調動作延續時間的長久時，用現在完成進行時更多些, 如：
2）大多數動詞現在完成時強調動作的結果；現在完成進行時強調動作的延續，
* I’ve been writing an article. (還在寫)
* I’ve written an article. (已完成)
練習：
1. --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “
--- I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
2. --- Have you had any letters from him?
--- No, I haven’t, but my wife _______ him regularly .
A. has heard from B. has been hearing from
Key: 1. C (強調動作從過去到現在的延續，而非動作的結果)
2. B ( 非強調結果，A錯；不是指目前一般的情況，D錯；是指從過去延續到現在的情況，故B對。)
動詞的時態和語態(2) 動詞的時態 --- 基本概念 5. 現在進行時和過去進行時 基本概念: 指目前(一點或一段時間) / 過去(一點或一段時間)正在發生的動作. 例句 1. I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come (正確選項 C, 指目前一段時間正在發生的動作, until 引導的是時間狀語從句,動詞需用一般現在時.) 2. --- When shall we leave? --- As soon as I ______ what I _______. A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do (正確選項B, as soon as 從句前省略了主句, 時間狀語從句中動詞強調將來的結果用現在完成時; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事.) 3. At that time he _____ in the library. A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work (正確選項C, was working 指 at that time 正在發生的行為.) 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she____in the office. A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave (正確選項A, 句中went 是說話人給定的時間, work 和leave發生的時間都要看它們與went 的時間關系, work 與went動作同時發生, 強調正在做,用過去進行時; leave 在went之前發生, 應用過去完成時.) 5. --- Hey, look where you are going! --- Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice. E. I didn’t notice. F. I won’t notice. (正確選項B, 對話的后者顯然是在解釋剛才不小心冒犯對方時正在做的事情.) 6. 一般過去時和過去進行時 比較下列句子： * I wrote a letter yesterday. （信寫完了） * I was writing a letter yesterday. （一直在寫信，但不一定寫完了） * I was writing a letter when he came in. (他進來時，我正在寫) 從以上例句可以看出，一般過去時常常用來表示過去的一個有結果的動作，而過去進行時1）強調動作在某一時刻正在發生2）動作在過去一段時間內一直在發生，無論哪一種情況都不強調動作的結果。再如： *He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 正確選項為B. 從I don’t know if he has finished it. 推斷，他去年正在寫。 * Tom ________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 正確選項為A. slip和notice 為同時發生的動作，因此B、C為錯誤選項，slipped指過去有結果的動作（他溜進去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜進去的一剎那發生的情況（沒有人注意）。 * As she ________ the newspaper, Granny _________ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell was reading; was falling D. read; fell 正確選項為B(道理同上)。 * The last time I _________ Jane she __________ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking 正確選項為D(道理同上)。 7. 過去完成時 基本概念: A) 表過去某一時間以前有結果的行為 * She said she had seen the film. 這里需要注意的是，had seen 一定是發生在said之前的行為，而不是之后。 再如： * The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 正確選項為A, 因為died是發生在had been sent to hospital之后而不是之前的行為；died 是站在現在時間角度看過去，是強調過去發生了的事情，而不是強調現在如何，因此D錯，B錯（過去將來時是站在過去的時間角度看過去的將來）。 * Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 正確選項為A(道理同上)。 B) 表延續到過去某一時間的行為 * She said she had been a doctor for 20 years. C) 表過去某一時間以前未曾實現的愿望或打算 * I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 正確選項為B。 * I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 正確選項為C。 8. 過去將來時 基本概念: 表過去某一時間之后將要發生的行為（過去的將來）。 * We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
正確選項為B。
* She said she ___(leave) the next morning.
答案可以是：A. would leave B. was leaving C. was going to leave
由此可以看出, 我們在一般將來時中討論的將來時的多種形式均可靈活地運用于過去將來時中。
基本概念:
在討論了現在完成時和過去完成時之后，我們應該認識到：完成時的概念其實就是兩條1）表結果 2）表延續 ，站在現在時間角度看，就是現在完成時；時間移到過去就是過去完成是；時間移至將來就是將來完成時，因此，將來完成時
* By the end of 2000 they will have built the factory.
* We will have finished the work before she arrives tonight.
* I will have been a teacher for 20 years by the end of next year.
以上我們討論了動詞主動語態的各種時態，與主動語態一樣，被動語態也有相同的各種時態。因此，我們只要關注被動語態的某些特殊用法就可以了。
* The kind of cloth washes well.
* The book sells / writes well.
* Your hands feel cold.
1. They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have had
2. The secretary is going to report to the manager as soon as he ______.
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving
3. We all know that ice ______.
A. feel cold B. is felt sold C. is feeling cold D. feels cold
4. ---This cloth _____ well and _____ long.
--- OK. I’ll take it.
A. washes ; lasts B. is washed; lasted
C. washes, is lasted D. is washing, lasting
5. ---Is this raincoat yours?
--- No, mine ______ there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. hangs C. has been hanged D. hung
6. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
7. It _____ every day so far this week.
A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining
8. In ancient days （古代）the earth ______ to be flat.
A. is believed B. was believed C. has believed D. believed
9. --- Are you going to the movies tonight?
--- Yes, I ______ my work by that time.
A. will finish B. finish C. am going to finish D. will have finished
10. --- Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer?
--- No, it _____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. would be raining C. had been raining D. has rained
11. However much _____, it will be worth it
A. does the watch cost B. costs the watch
C. the watch will cost D. the watch costs
12. If the dog wins tomorrow, he _____ sixteen races in the past three years.
A. has won B. will win C. will have won D. would have won
13. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______.
A. finish what I did B. finished what I did
C. would finish what I was doing D. finished what I was doing
14. You won’t know if the coat fits you until you _____ it on.
A. will try B. are trying C. tried D. have tried
15. My dictionary _______, I have looked for it everywhere but still _______.
A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t find
C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found
16. --- How long ______ each other before they _____ married?
--- For about a year.
A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got
17. --- Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.
--- Oh, how nice of you. I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going
C. didn’t think; are going D. hadn’t thought; were going
18. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour.
A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away
19 --- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--- Oh, not at all. I ______ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will
20. The police found that the house _______ and s lot of things ______.
A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen
21. --- Have you moved into the house?
--- Not yet. The rooms ________.
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting
22. If the city noises _______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept ; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep, have to
23. --- ________ the sports meet might be put off.
--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I was told
24. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
25. I don’t think Jim saw me; he ______ into space.
A. just stared (凝視) B. was just staring
C. has just stared D. had just stared
26. --- _______ my glasses?
--- Yes, I _______ them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see; saw B. Had you seen; have seen
C. Have you seen; saw D. Would you see; saw
27. --- We could have walked to the station; it was so near.
--- Yes. A taxi _______ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be
28. --- Who is Jerry Cooper?
--- ______? I saw you shake hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet
29. --- Nancy is not coming tonight.
--- But she _______!
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
30. _______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
31. --- Can you attend the party tomorrow?
--- I think I can when my headache ________ thoroughly.(完全)
A. will disappear B. is disappearing C. disappears D. is disappeared
32. It is clear that his poor education _______ him back.
A. has been held B. is holding C. will be held D. had held
33. --- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?
--- I ____ yet, but I ______ taking a train.
A. haven’t decided; am considering B. haven’t decided, consider
C. didn’t decided; am considering D. hadn’t decided; have considered
34. The pen I _______ I _______ is on my desk, right under my nose.
A. think, lose B. thought , had lost C. think , had lost D. thought, have lost
35. --- Have you heard about the new school?
--- No, when and where to build the new one _______ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. hasn’t decided D. haven’t decided
36. --- Sorry, I’m late.
--- That’s OK. I _____ long.
A. haven’t waited B. don’t wait C. haven’t been waiting D. didn’t wait
37. --- Nancy sat in the front seat on the left side of the classroom.
--- Oh! I thought she ______ in the back.
A. will sit B. had sat C. is sitting D. has sat
38. I must leave, too. I _______ having tea with you, Bill.
A. was enjoying B. am enjoying C. enjoyed D. enjoy
39. I ______ my face when suddenly someone ______ at the door.
A. washed, knocked B. washed, was knocking
C. was washing, was knocking D. was washing, knocked
40. I ______ at the station half an hour ago, but the train _____ yet.
A. arrived, hadn’t come B. was arriving, hadn’t come
C. arrived, hasn’t come D. had arrived, didn’t come
41. --- Why did you come by taxi?
--- My car broke down last week and I still _______ it repaired.
A. haven’t had B. didn’t have C. don’t have D. won’t have
42. I’m surprised to find you here looking well and playing tennis, Jim. Ann said that you _____ sick.
A. are B. were C. would be D. had been
43. The price _________, but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone done D. was going down
44. --- Did you go to Qingdao for vacation last August?
--- I _______ to go, but I got sick at the last minute.
A. was planning B. had been planning C. planned D. have planned
45. I met him at a party, but I haven’t seen him ______.
A. since B. still C. yet D. then
46. All the preparations for the task ________, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
47. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life _____ so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
48. --- How are you today?
--- Oh, I ________ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
49. The reporter said the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.
A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel
50. --- I think that you need ______ practice on playing the violin.
--- ______ violin lessons every two weeks, but I think I’ll make it every week from now on.
A. less; I have B. less; I’ve taking C. more; I have D. more; I’ve been having
Key:
1---5 CBDAA 6---10 CDBDC 11---15 DCDDD 16---20 DBDAD
21---25 AAABB 26---30 CADBD 31---35 CBABA 36---40 CBCDC
41---45ABCBA 46---50DDDAD ?
? 被動語態課件 ?
5.在地球上6.將能夠…
9.聽起來令人興奮_____________________ 10.在將來______________________
(二)再讀1a,并自覺完成1b,1c和2a在書上。
1. Maria can play the piano.(同義句)
Maria ________ ________ ______ play the piano.
2. The knife is made of medal.(對劃線部分提問)
________ . the knife __________ ______?
3. She goes to bed after her mother comes back.(同義句)
She ______ ______ to bed ______ her mother comes back.
4. Mary invited Mr. Zhang to her birthday party.(改為被動語態)
Mr. Zhang ______ ________ ________ Mary to her birthday party.
5. The car was invented in Germany.(否定句)
The car _______ _________ in Germany.
6. I sent a letter to you last month. (改為被動語態)
A letter ______ _________ to you last month.
7. Jack gave me a new book last week. (改為被動語態)
A new book ______ ______ _______ me by Jack last week.
8. We will use English in many fields in the future.(改被動語態)
English in many fields in the future.
9. A bridge will ___________(build) across the river next year.(用適當形式填空)
10. I hope I can sing for you _____the stage _____the future.
A. on ,at B. on ,inC. at, on D. at, for
11. He often makes his sister, but this time he was made
By his sister .
A. To laugh , to laugh B. laugh, laughing
C . laugh, laugh D. laugh, to laugh
Last Wednesday, Mr. Green took his class to the Space Museum. There 16 many things about space there. First, the children saw a film about space travel. They saw 17 the spaceship took off into space and landed on the earth 18 . It was very exciting and the children felt they were traveling in space 19 !
After the film, Mr. Green took 20 to see some models of rockets and the shuttles. The models looked very real, but they were much 21 . 22 the children saw some moon rocks. Two 23 landed on the moon in 1969, and they put up an American flag there. Then they took some rocks back to the 24 .
25 the children left, they also watched a video show about people living and working in a space lab. The people could stay in the space lab for months.
( )16.A.is B. are C. wasD. were
( )17.A.how B. what C. when D. which
( )18.A.too B. already C. againD. badly
( )19.A.itself B. ourselves C. oneself D. themselves[來源
( )20. A. their B. them C. theyD. theirs
( ) 21.A.small B. smaller C. bigD. bigger
( )22.A.Or B. But C. AndD. Then
( )23.A.Americans B. EnglishmenC. Australians D. Chinese
( )24.A.moon B. star C. earth D. sun
( )25.A.After B.As soon as C. Until D. Before
? 被動語態課件 ?
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. I’m sorry, _____ I won’t be able to come tonight.
【陷阱】容易誤選A，因為空格后的句子是用以說明 I’m sorry 的原因的，所以便想當然地認為要選for來表示原因。
【分析】事實上，I’m sorry 后習慣上不接表示原因的連詞 for，而接表示轉折的連詞 but（也可省略 but），用以委婉地提出一個使對方不快的事實。又如：
Oh, sorry, but she’s out. 哦，不好意思，她出去了。
I’m sorry, but I have to disagree. 對不起，我不敢茍同。
I’m sorry, but I have already had another appointment. 對不起，我已經有約會了。
注：I’m sorry 后雖然不能接表原因的連詞for，但卻可接介詞 for.如：
I’m sorry for shouting at you. 對不起沖你嚷嚷了。
I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不該對你講那些話。
2. The point is not who said the words, _____ they are true or not.
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為A.此題涉及兩個搭配：一是 not … but …（不是……而是……），二是 whether … or not （是否）。請看類例：
He was not an actor, who often appeared on stage, _____ a writer, writing stories.
答案選A，主要考查 not … but … 結構。
3. Just because they make more money than I do, _____ they seem to look down on me.
【陷阱】但容易誤選A，將漢語的“因為……所以……”直譯為 because … so …。
【分析】此題正確答案為D，但是按英語語法，because 為從屬連詞，用以引導原因狀語從句，它表明整個句子為復合句；而 so 在表示“所以”時，它是并列連詞，用以連接兩個簡單句使之成為并列句。由于在同一句中既用了從屬連詞 because，又用了并列連詞 so，使得該句一半像復合句，一半像并列句，從而導致錯誤。正確的做法是，任意去掉 because 和 so 中的一個，使之要么成為復合句，要么成為并列句。
4. Although he had only entered the contest for fun, _____ he won first prize.
【陷阱】容易誤選A，將漢語的“雖然……但是……”直譯為 although … but …。
【分析】正確答案選D.按英語語法，although 為從屬連詞，用以引導讓步狀語從句，它表明整個句子為復合句；而 but 在表示“但是”時，它是并列連詞，用以連接兩個簡單句使之成為并列句。由于在同一句中既用了從屬連詞 although，又用了并列連詞 but ，使得該句一半像復合句，一半像并列句，從而導致錯誤。正確的做法是，任意去掉 although 和 but 中的一個，使之要么成為復合句，要么成為并列句。其實，此題與上面一題的分析思路是一樣的。這里順便說一句，許多同學（包括許多老師和教學參考書）為了便于記憶，將此題與上面一題的知識點簡單地歸納為“按英語習慣，because和so不可連用，although 與 but 不可連用”。這種說法在通常情況下無疑是對的，也是有效的，但同學們一定要在明白以上道理的情況下來使用此規則，如果只是死記該規則，有時遇到一些語言特例仍然會出錯。如：
But I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我當時的確不知道此事，盡管后來我還是知道了。
此句既用了并列連詞 but，又用了從屬連詞 although，但它并未造成錯誤，原因是此句與上面所討論的情形有所不同，即此句 but 用于 although 之前，but 在此僅起到與上文轉折的作用，but 后的 I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 仍為一個復合句。
I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我試著算這些賬，但盡管我懂點數學，仍感到很困難。
此句將 but 與 although 用在一起，但此句也沒有錯誤。該句從總體來看，它是一個以并列連詞 but 連接的并列句，而在該并列句的后面一句又是一個包含讓步狀語從句 although I knew some maths 的復合句--這種句型就是所謂的并列復合句。此句也可改寫為 I tried doing the accounts, but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths.
5. When the last prize had been awarded _____ everybody cleared off.
【陷阱】容易想當然地誤選A.
【分析】句首 when 引導的是一個時間狀語從句，它暗示整個句子為復合句；而so, and, or 為并列連詞，無論選哪一個，都表明整個句子為并列句，從而導致前后矛盾，所以A、B、C均不能選擇。此題正確答案選D，everybody cleared off 為整個復合句的主句。請看類似例子：
（1） If wishes were horses, _____ beggars would ride.
（2） If I’m mistaken, _____ you are mistaken too.
（3） Just before I left London, _____ I sent him a telegram.
（4） After they had each said a few words, _____ Lloyd George took the floor.
答案均選D，空格前分別為 if, when, before, after 引導的狀語從句，空格后為整個復合句的主句。
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. “Shall we stop for lunch _____ shall we drive on？” “Let’s stop for lunch, but the driver can’t drink _____ drive.”
2. “_____ when does the pub stay open？” “About midnight.”
3. “Would you like tea _____ coffee？” “_____, thanks.”
4. He imagines that people don’t like him, _____ they do.
5. I firmly believe _____ he said at the meeting was right.
6. Will you deliver, _____ do I have to come to the shop to collect the goods？
7. It shocked me to see ______ my neighbors treated their children.
8. _____ the government agrees to give extra money , the theatre will have to close.
9. We were just about ready to leave _____ it started to snow.
10. -I don’t like chicken _______ fish.
-I don’t like chicken, _______ I like fish very much.
11. -Would you like to come to dinner tonight？
-I’d like to, ___ I’m too busy.
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選D，第一空填 or，表選擇；第二空填 and，can’t drink and drive 指不能同時既喝酒又開車，即不能酒后開車。
2. 選C，句意為“這家酒店開門到什么？（或這家酒店什么時候關門？）”
3. 選C，選項A用No來回答選擇疑問句，不妥；選項B用 and 連接 tea 與 coffee，說明問句并非提供選擇，而答語卻用了 either 這樣表選擇性的詞語，也不妥；選項D與語境不符。高
4. 選D，前后意思轉折，故選 but.注：but they do = but they like him.
5. 選C，that 為引導賓語從句的連詞，在 that what he said at the meeting was right 這一賓語從句中，又包含有what he said at the meeting 這一主語從句，而在該主語從句中，what用作動詞 said 的賓語。
6. 選B，or 表選擇。
7. 選C.how 修飾謂語動詞 treated.
8. 選B，從句意推知。
9. 選A，when 在此用作并列連詞，意為“這時（突然）”。
10. 選C.第一空填 or，在否定詞后用or，表示否定兩者；第二空填but，表示轉折。
11. 選D.but表轉折，符合語意。而表并列的and, 結果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
? 被動語態課件 ?
該怎么辦 看不到岸
汪洋一般的城市夜晚
不再有人管 漫無目地的轉
越自由心中就越慌亂
車里很暗 音樂很淡
是什么讓我濕了雙眼
你揮一揮手宣判如此果斷
于是我接受了一個冤案
空心人 多少委屈都可以忍
我試著讓自己咬緊牙過這半生
可深愛你 只是讓你更加放縱
為你留下的傷痕此刻正隱隱作痛
我的愛情 那么被動
跟隨著你由著你 決定這故事的'始終
忘了清醒 丟了堅定
你甚至都不愿想不愿聽最后我絕望的心情
車里很暗 音樂很淡
是什么讓我濕了雙眼
你揮一揮手 宣判如此果斷
于是我接受了一個冤案
空心人 多少委屈都可以忍
我試著讓自己咬緊牙過這半生
可深愛你 只是讓你更加放縱
為你留下的傷痕此刻正隱隱作痛
我的愛情 那么被動
跟隨著你由著你 決定這故事的始終
忘了清醒 丟了堅定
你甚至都不愿想不愿聽最后我絕望的心情
我的愛情 那么被動
跟隨著你由著你 決定這故事的始終
忘了清醒 丟了堅定
你甚至都不愿想不愿聽最后我絕望的心情
我的愛情 那么被動
他竟是你一路上偶爾才注視的風景
只好沉默 只好認命
? 被動語態課件 ?
西安對外漢語教師教你辨析對外漢語教學中的“被動句”
被動句是漢語中常用的句型之一，也是對外漢語教學中的重點。本文通過列舉句型和例子，將被動句整理歸納，方便理解與教學。
1.意義上的被動句
例1:菜做好了。
例2:錢我已經交給他了。
注意: 1.這種被動句的主語應是確指的,而且主語不是動作的發出者而是接受者。
2.這種被動句的謂語動詞是及物的,而且謂語部分不能只是一個簡單的動詞, 還必須帶有狀語、補語＼“ 了”等其他成分。2.有標志的被動句(“被”字句)
注意: 1.有標志的被動句的主語一定是受事者,“被”的賓語一定是施事者。2.有標志被動句的謂語動詞一定是能支配或影響句中主語的及物動詞。3.否定副詞“ 沒(有)”一般放在介詞“ 被”之前。
4.作全句狀語的副詞和介詞短語放在“被”之前,作動詞狀語的副詞和介詞短語放在謂語動詞前。
1)主語+ 被(叫/ 讓)+ 賓語+(給)+ 動詞+ 其他成分
說明:這種用法中的“給”是結構助詞,可用可不用。
例1:頭發被雨(給)淋濕了。“被”后可以沒有賓語。
例2:那只玻璃花瓶叫小貓(給)碰倒摔碎了。“的、讓”后一定有賓語。
例3:我的自行車讓人(給)偷走了。
注意:這種句法中“被、叫、讓”后邊的賓語可以是泛指的。2)主語+ 被+ 動詞+ 其他成分
例1:教室沒被打掃干凈。T介詞只能用“被”, 不能用“叫、讓”。例2:他被選為我們班的代表。
3)給+(賓語)+ 動詞+ 其他成分
說明:“ 給”表示“ 叫、讓”的意思。
例1:時間給你耽誤了。
例2:家里的門給鎖起來了我進不去。
注意: 1.“給”表示“叫、讓”意義時構成的被動句與前兩種形式相同,“給”的用法與介詞“被”相同。
2.表示“叫、讓”意義的介詞“ 給”不能與結構助詞“ 給”連用。
說明:以上三種形式的被動句謂語動詞后都必須帶有其他成分,如“ 了、過”,補語,賓語等;但不能帶“ 著”和可能補語。4)..被(為)..(所)..例1:同學們被他的精神所感動。
例2:這種觀點已為大家(所)接受。
注意: 這種格式中“被”一定要有賓語,謂語動詞多為雙音節的, 后面往往沒有其他成分
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- 更多精彩的被動語態課件，歡迎繼續瀏覽：被動語態課件
